Pre-crop Value of Sugar Beet under Conditions of Climate Change
2022
Kas, Martin | Muhlbachova, Gabriela | Kusa, Helena
The pre-crop value of sugar beet for winter wheat yield station was evaluated in a long-term IOSDV field trial at the Ivanovice na Hané station in 2014-2020. The weather patterns (total precipitation and air temperature) were monitored during the six-year period together with the yield of sugar beet and winter wheat in the following year. The highest winter wheat yield was recorded in 2015, when it reached more than 10 t/ha in the variants with the highest nitrogen doses, which was also favorably affected by above-average precipitations in the period August-October 2014 and precipitations during wheat maturation. On the contrary, the lack of precipitation in 2017 and 2018 negatively affected the sugar beet yields and due to the combination of lack of precipitation, water offtake by sugar beet and later dates of winter wheat sowing, there was a significant decrease in the wheat grain yields as well. The results thus show that total precipitation and its distribution in a given year is a limiting factor affecting the growth of sugar beet in all phases of its growth and, as a result, may also affect the growth of subsequent winter wheat. In dry years, organic manure and straw fertilization in combination with higher doses of mineral nitrogen fertilization did not have a positive effect as the wheat yields were largely reduced. Fertilization of sugar beet with nitrogen doses higher than 100 kg/ha N was inefficient in dry years, and the quality of production was worse. Sugar beet responded favourably to graded doses of mineral nitrogen up to 150 kg/ha N in years with sufficient rainfall when its yields reached over 70 t/ha.
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