贵州省台江县野生木本油料植物资源特征调查Resource characteristics of wild woody oil plants in Taijiang county, Guizhou province

为摸清贵州省台江县野生木本油料植物资源的现状，通过采用分季节多次线路调查和重点区域样地调查以及访问村民相结合的调查方法，对台江县野生木本油料植物资源进行了调查和特征分析。结果表明：台江县野生木本油料植物较为丰富，有43科97属158种，分别占全国油料植物科、属、种的39.81%、24.43%、19.41%，分别占台江县野生木本植物科、属、种的54.43%、39.27%、2948%；台江县野生木本油料植物属的分布特点是以温带分布占优势，表现为植物区系热带至亚热带向温带过渡的特点；台江县野生木本油料植物主要集中在海拔510～1 000 m，1 000 m以上分布的种较少，β多样性Cody指数测度发现，海拔600~800 m的Cody指数最高，台江县内野生木本油料植物生物多样性变化受海拔影响明显；台江县野生木本油料植物含油率高的种类较多，含油率40%以上的有49种，占总种数的31.01%。台江县油茶、乌桕、木姜子类、黄连木等开发潜力大，建议对这4种木本油料植物进行优先开发，同时加强对野生木本油料植物种质资源的保护力度。 In order to find out the present situation of wild woody oil plant resources in Taijiang county, Guizhou province, the investigation and characteristic analysis of wild woody oil plant resources in Taijiang county were carried out by using the methods of multiple seasonal line investigation, sample field investigation in key areas and visiting villagers. The results showed that there were 43 families, 97 genera and 158 species of wild woody oil plants in Taijiang county, accounting for 39.81%, 24.43% and 19.41% of the families, genera and species of oil plants in China, respectively. They accounted for 54.43%, 39.27% and 2948% of the families, genera and species of wild woody plants in Taijiang county, respectively. The distribution of wild woody oil plants in Taijiang county was dominated by the temperate zone, and the flora was transitional from tropical to subtropical to temperate zone. The wild woody oil plants in Taijiang county were mainly distributed at the altitude of 510-1 000 m, and the species above 1 000 m were few. The Cody index of β-diversity was the highest at the altitude of 600-800 m (not include 600 m)Cody. The changes of the biodiversity of wild woody oil plants in Taijiang county were obviously affected by the altitude. There were 49 wild woody oil plants in Taijiang with oil content higher than 40%, accounting for 31.01% of the total species. The development potential of Camellia oleifera, Sapium sebifera, Zingiberaceae subspecies and Coptis chinensis are high, so it is suggested to give priority to the development of them, and strengthen the protection of germplasm resources of wild woody oil plants.