赤霉素及芸苔素内酯对茶树光合特性 和茶果产量的影响Effects of gibberellin and brassinolide on photosynthetic characteristic and tea fruit yield of tea plants

研究不同质量浓度的赤霉素（GA）及芸苔素内酯（BR）及二者交互作用对籽叶两用茶树光合特性及茶果产量的影响。以5年生的金茶1号为试验对象，采用不同质量浓度的GA(0、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.5 mg/L)、BR（0、0.3、0.5、0.8、1.0 mg/L）及二者交互处理（GA+BR 0 mg/L+0 mg/L、1.0 mg/L+0.5 mg/L、1.0 mg/L+0.8 mg/L、 1.2 mg/L+0.5 mg/L、 1.2 mg/L+0.8 mg/L）在茶果油脂转化期对茶树进行喷施,测定各处理茶树成熟期果实含水率，茶叶籽含油率，叶片含氮量、叶绿素含量、光合作用，以及成熟茶果的生物学特性和单株产量。结果表明：随着果实的成熟，茶果含水率逐渐降低，茶叶籽含油率先升高后降低（除对照），且同一时期喷施GA、BR及二者交互处理的茶果含水率均低于未喷施外源激素的茶果，茶叶籽含油率均高于未喷施外源激素的茶果；GA（1.2 mg/L）、BR(0.8 mg/L)及二者交互处理(GA 1.0 mg/L+BR 0.8 mg/L)的茶果成熟时含水率最低，分别为21.17%、25.75%、20.13%，茶叶籽含油率最高，成熟期的最高值分别为35.97%、33.52%、36.17%，单株产量最高，分别为1.91、1.91、1.95 kg；含氮量、叶绿素含量及光合作用随着果实的成熟呈现先升高后降低的趋势；成熟茶果的单株产量与成熟期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、一籽质量、二籽质量及三籽质量呈极显著正相关（p<0.01）。因此，在生长期对茶树喷施外源激素可促进茶树的光合作用，提高茶果的产量及含油率。 The effects of different mass concentrations of gibberellin (GA) and brassinolide (BR) and their interaction on photosynthetic characteristic and tea fruit yield of seed and leaf dual-use tea plants were explored. With five-year-old Jincha 1 as the test subject, a GA spray in mass concentrations of 0, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 ,1.5 mg/L, BR spray in mass concentrations of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 mg/L, and interaction of GA with BR in mass concentrations of 0 mg/L+0 mg/L,1.0 mg/L+0.5 mg/L,1.0 mg/L+0.8 mg/L,1.2 mg/L+0.5 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L+0.8 mg/L, were applied to tea plants during the oil transformation period of tea fruit,the fruit water content and seed oil content, leaf nitrogen content, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristic,and biological characteristics and matured fruit yield of single plant during mature period were measured. The results showed that as the fruits matured, the water content of tea fruit gradually decreased, and the oil content of tea seed first increased and then decreased(except for the control), and the water content of tea fruit sprayed with GA, BR and their interaction treatments in same period was lower than that without exogenous hormone spraying, and the oil content of tea seed was higher than that without exogenous hormone spraying.When the plants were treated by GA(1.2 mg/L), BR(0.8 mg/L), or both(GA 1.0 mg/L+BR 0.8 mg/L)in mature period, the water contents of tea fruit were the lowest (21.17%, 25.75%, 20.13%), the oil contents of tea seed were the highest (35.97%, 33.52%, 36.17%), the yields of single plant were the highest (1.91,1.91, 1.95 kg). The chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and photosynthetic characteristic increased and then decreased as the fruit maturing. The mature tea fruit yield of single plant was significantly positive correlation with net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and mass of one seed, double seeds, triple seeds（p<0.01）. Therefore, spraying exogenous hormones to tea plants during the growth period can promote photosynthetic characteristic, increase the yield and oil content of tea fruit.