The Suitability of Several Grasses for the Remediation of Hotspots Affected by Cadmium Contamination
2024
Jolanta Korzeniowska | Ewa Stanislawska-Glubiak
Areas contaminated with cadmium require remediation because it is a highly toxic element. The aim of this study was to assess the Cd tolerance of four grass species (<i>Poa pratensis</i>, <i>Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra</i>, and <i>Festuca pratensis</i>) and to identify the most useful grass for the phytostabilization of areas with extremely high Cd content in the soil. Additionally, the relationship between grass tolerance to Cd and the glutathione (GSH) content in shoots was examined. Two series of pot experiments were carried out using soil artificially contaminated with Cd. Three levels of contamination were used—30, 60, and 130 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Cd—against a control. The plants were cut down 2 months after sowing. At the Cd1 level, <i>L. perenne</i> showed the highest tolerance to Cd (tolerance index TI = 86), while <i>P. pratensis</i> had the lowest tolerance (TI = 65). At Cd2, the TIs ranged from 52 to 59, indicating a similar tolerance of all species. Cd3 was most harmful to <i>L. perenne</i> (TI = 24), while <i>P. pratensis</i> was the most tolerant (TI = 31). Grassroots accumulated much more Cd than shoots. <i>L. perenne</i> showed the greatest increase in root Cd at each contamination level, followed by <i>F. pratensis</i> and then <i>P. pratensis</i> and <i>F. rubra</i>. It is noteworthy that the tolerance of grasses to Cd3 was related to the GSH content in shoots. <i>P. pratensis</i> and <i>F. rubra</i> increased the GSH content 4.6 and 3.6 times, respectively, while <i>L. perenne</i> and <i>F. pratensis</i> only increased it 2.3 times compared to the control plants.
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