A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Seeds and Phytomass of New High-Potential Fodder and Energy Crops
2023
Valerian Cerempei | Victor Țiței | Valentin Vlăduț | Georgiana Moiceanu
The purpose of this research is to capitalise on the potential of non-traditional plant species in the Republic of Moldova from the families <i>Asteraceae</i> (cup plant <i>Silphium perfoliatum</i>; cardoon <i>Cynara cardunculus</i>), <i>Fabaceae</i> (fodder galega <i>Galega orientalis</i>, sand sainfoin <i>Onobrychis arenaria</i>), <i>Hydrophylaceae</i> (phacelia <i>Phacelia tanacetifolia</i>), <i>Malvaceae</i> (curly mallow <i>Malva crispa</i>; Virginia mallow <i>Sida hermaphrodita</i>) and <i>Poaceae</i> (perennial sorghum <i>Sorghum almum</i>, pearl millet <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>). The study presents the research results on the seed properties (dimensional parameters, structure, friability, apparent specific mass, mass of 1000 seeds) and on the phytomass quality of the above-mentioned plants. The obtained results demonstrate that the criterion of dimensional proportionality K<sub>dp</sub>, proposed in this paper, effectively reflects the structure of the seeds; the seeds of new crops (except phacelia) have high friability (angle of repose α ≤ 33° and angle of static friction on steel α<sub>1</sub> ≤ 27.8°, on wood α<sub>1</sub> = 34.7°, on enamelled surface α<sub>1</sub> = 30°). The natural fodder from the researched species is characterised by a crude protein content of 9.0–23.4%, dry matter digestibility of 56.0–66.5%, digestible energy load of 11.16–12.95 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup>, metabolizable energy of 9.16–10.63 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup>, net energy for lactation of 5.18–6.76 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup>, and relative feed value RFV = 74–129. The biochemical biomethane potential from studied vegetal substrates is 297–353 l kg<sup>−1</sup> VS.
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