THE FEATURES OF CENOSIS FORMATION BY WINTER RYE VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT TERMS OF BREEDING

The article gives the data of retrospective analysis of results of winter rye breeding in the Central-Black earth breeding centers during 40-year period. The five varieties, developed in different time, were studied during 3 years in theVoronezhregion. The study was conducted during the field trial, made under the scheme of the Latin rectangle. The crops were sown in a clean (‘black’) fallow land, the soil was middle-power black earth, with a middle content of humus. During the years of study the weather conditions were different. It has been shown that during the period the productivity increased almost half. The productivity increase has entailed the increase of specific density of sowing and of the values of a harvesting index. The number of productive sprouts per unit of area significantly increased. There was also a slight increase of head productivity. The sprout length reduced but its breaking strength increased, that promoted a significant increase of plant resistance to lodging. The decrease of a plant height resulted in the increase of indexes which reflected a correlation of head productivity and its elements with a sprout length. A slight increase of the index of leaf surface gave a significant increase of a number of leaves of the top circle. The value of a chlorophyll index in the phase of milk maturity significantly increased. During the breeding process the intensity of donor-acceptor correlations in the system of ‘vegetation mass-filling of kernels’ increased as well. The increase of the coefficient of the use of sprout weight and head productivity in half and more increased the realization of its potential of productivity only on 13.5%. It was the result of decrease of vegetation mass of a head.  Due to it the further breeding work with winter rye should direct on the increase of vegetation mass of a sprout through the increase of leaf area.