Ecological and genetic features of the population of antoninsko-zozulynets scaly and scaleless breeds of carp

By means of the analysis of genetic structure was revealed the specificity of allele frequency distribution and genotypic composition of protein system loci. Examination of the diversity of genotypes of being investigated populations in the context of farms made it possible to identify the specific genotypes (at the transferrin locus) and the absence of some of the theoretically expected ones, namely TF AB, BB and DD in scaly carp. Specific for scaly carp in the fishing areas “Medzhybizh” was the presence of genotypes TF C1C1, “Stara Syniava” ‒ TF C1C2, “Antoniny” ‒ AC1 and AC2. On the level of average heterozygosis were obtained the differences, which makes it possible to control the level of variability in the genetic structure of the being investigated populations. A statistically significant excess of heterozygotes was established at most loci, except for TF and EST in being investigated group. The highest levels of heterozygosis in the being investigated carp groups were observed at the ALB loci (78.8‒82.8%) and ME (72.7‒82.8%). The obtained data indicate that the carp of the fishing areas “Medzhybizh” and “Antoniny” recorded an optimal level of heterozygosis (60‒71%) than the indicators from the fishing area “Stara Syniava”, where it was the lowest (57%). Optimal levels of heterozygosis (55‒70%) are observed in individuals of scaleless carp. The carp of fishing areas “Stara Syniava” and “Antoniny” have the optimum level of genetic heterogeneity (55‒65%) compared to that of the “Medzhybizh” fishing area, where this indicator was the highest (71%). A statistically significant excess of heterozygotes at some loci was determined. The highest level of heterozygosis in the being investigated carp groups was recorded at the TF loci (96.4%) of the “Medzhybizh” fishing area. The conducted research give grounds to confirm the genetic uniqueness of the compact group of Antoninsko-Zozulynets scaleless carp, promote to the understanding of mechanisms for maintaining the relative constancy of the gene pool and allow to control and preserve the specificity of their genetic structure. During the research, important data were obtained on the use of individual genetic and biochemical systems for differentiation and continuous genetic monitoring of scaly and scaleless populations of carp. Race-specific features of the genetic structure of the being investigated markers allow us to propose appropriate changes to the plans of selection and breeding works, as well as to develop the ecologically and genetically substantiated recommendations for breed zoning and ecological safety prospects for growing of carp in Ukraine.