Chemical Control of the Field Dodder (<i>Cuscuta campestris</i>) in New-Seeded Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>)
2024
Fariba Meighani | Ebrahim Mamnoei | Sepideh Hatami | Elham Samadi-Kalkhoran | Behrooz Khalil-Tahmasebi | Nicholas Emmanuel Korres | Ali Ahsan Bajwa
Field dodder (<i>Cuscuta campestris</i> yuncker) is an important parasitic weed that has negative impacts on the growth and yield of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.). Effective control of field dodder in alfalfa crops is necessary to reduce yield losses. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various herbicides on field dodder in a new-seeded alfalfa crop at three locations (Karaj, Jiroft, and Urmia) in Iran during 2020–2021. The herbicides evaluated were imazethapyr (100 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), glyphosate (six doses ranging from 143 to 348 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup> + ammonium sulfate at 8 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and propyzamide (1250, 1500, and 1750 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>). The results demonstrated that propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup> provided complete control of field dodder in terms of percentage change in biomass at first (100%) and second (99%) cuttings of alfalfa in Urmia. The imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup> provided 96 and 87% control at the first and second cuttings, respectively, whereas propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup> showed the best efficacy in increasing alfalfa biomass at the first (up to 82%) and the second cuttings (up to 81%), depending on the location. Glyphosate provided reasonable control of the field dodder at the first (73%) and the second cutting (82%). However, at higher rates (307 and 348 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup>), it caused significant reductions in alfalfa biomass due to crop injury, especially at the first cutting. The use of propyzamide at 1750 g a.i. ha<sup>−1</sup> is recommended for highly effective control of field dodder in alfalfa crops without compromising the crop yield.
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