Allelopathy and Identification of Five Allelochemicals in the Leaves of the Aromatic Medicinal Tree <i>Aegle marmelos</i> (L.) Correa
2024
Seinn Moh Moh | Shunya Tojo | Toshiaki Teruya | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
<i>Aegle marmelos</i> (L.) Correa is an economically and therapeutically valuable tree. It is cultivated as a fruit plant in southeast Asian countries. In this research, we investigated the allelopathy and possible allelochemicals in the leaves of <i>A. marmelos</i>. Aqueous methanol extracts of <i>A. marmelos</i> exhibited significant inhibitory effects against the growth of <i>Lepidium sativum</i>, <i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Medicago sativa</i>, <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i>, <i>Lolium multiflorum</i>, and <i>Phleum pratense</i>. Bioassay-directed chromatographic purification of the <i>A. marmelos</i> extracts resulted in identifying five active compounds: umbelliferone (<b>1</b>), <i>trans</i>-ferulic acid (<b>2</b>), (<i>E</i>)-4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (<b>3</b>), <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid (<b>4</b>), and methyl (<i>E</i>)-3’-hydroxyl-4’-methoxycinnamate (<b>5</b>). The hypocotyl and root growth of <i>L. sativum</i> were considerably suppressed by these compounds. Methyl (<i>E</i>)-3’-hydroxyl-4’-methoxycinnamate also suppressed the coleoptile and root growth of <i>E. crusgalli</i>. The concentrations of these compounds, causing 50% growth reduction (<i>I</i><sub>50</sub>) of <i>L. sativum</i>, were in the range of 74.19–785.4 μM. The findings suggest that these isolated compounds might function in the allelopathy of <i>A. marmelos</i>.
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