Crop Evolution of Foxtail Millet
2024
Kenji Fukunaga | Makoto Kawase
Studies on the domestication, genetic differentiation, and crop evolution of foxtail millet are reviewed in this paper. Several genetic studies were carried out to elucidate the genetic relationships among foxtail millet accessions originating mainly from Eurasia based on intraspecific hybrid pollen semi-sterility, isozymes, DNA markers, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Most studies suggest that China is the center of diversity of foxtail millet, and landraces were categorized into geographical groups. These results indicate that this millet was domesticated in China and spread over Eurasia, but independent origin in other regions cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the evolution of genes was reviewed (i.e., the <i>Waxy</i> gene conferring amylose content in the endosperm, the <i>Si7PPO</i> gene controlling polyphenol oxidase, the <i>HD1</i> and <i>SiPRR37</i> genes controlling heading time, the <i>Sh1</i> and <i>SvLes1</i> genes involved in grain shattering, and the <i>C</i> gene controlling leaf sheath pigmentation), and the variation and distribution of these genes suggested complex patterns of evolution under human and/or natural selection.
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