Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after multiple-dose oral administration
2018
Ma, R. ((Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai (People's Republic of China). National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education), (National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai (People's Republic of China)), (Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai (People's Republic of China)), (Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai (People's Republic of China). East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation)) | Huang, L. | Wei, W. | Wang, Y. | Zou, X. | Zhou, J. | Li, X. | Fang, W.
The present study was designed to explore pharmacokinetics (PK) of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after multiple-dose oral administration of enrofloxacin (30 mg/kg dose per 12 h and continuous feeding for 3 days). Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and muscle of the shrimp were simultaneously determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PK parameters were analyzed based on statistical moment theory. Meanwhile, the relationship of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) was established based on drug concentration of hemolymph and in vitro antibacterial activity (MIC value). Results showed faster absorption of enrofloxacin in hemolymph (Tsub(max) = 1 h) and muscles (Tsub(max) = 1 h) than that in hepatopancreas (Tsub(max) = 3 h) after the first oral administration. In multiple-dose oral administration, slight accumulation of enrofloxacin occurred in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas, while in the muscle, enrofloxacin concentration showed a significant decline following multiple administration. Tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin both followed the order hepatopancreas > hemolymph > muscle, with significantly higher ciprofloxacin concentration in hepatopancreas than in hemolymph (approximately 10-fold) and muscles (approximately 50-fold), indicating that the hepatopancreas is the main organ involved in metabolism of enrofloxacin in Pacific white shrimp. After multiple-dose administration, Csub(max)/MIC and AUCsub(0-24)/MIC values showed that the therapeutic regimen in this study could be remarkably effective in prevention and treatment of Vibrio infection in Pacific white shrimp.
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