Interação de cultivares de café Arábica em sistema de plantio adensado com tipos de poda na região do Caparaó Capixaba.

O parque cafeeiro do Espírito Santo tem sido renovado nas últimas décadas com o uso de novas cultivares e das boas práticas agrícolas de cultivo, além de mudanças no sistema de cultivo, como plantio mais adensado. Entretanto, a completa renovação de todos os talhões de café da propriedade é onerosa e não se adequada à realidade financeira e operacional do cafeicultor. A poda tipo recepa baixa tem sido a mais praticada na renovação de lavouras mais velhas. Entretanto, a poda de esqueletamento seria a mais indicada para essas lavouras antigas, conduzidas no sistema tradicional de cultivo e com menor densidade de plantas/área e, naquelas recepadas a alguns anos, devido à presença dos ramos na saia das plantas. O esqueletamento permite mais rápida recuperação das plantas e da produtividade que a receba baixa, além de apresentar menor custo. Considerando as condições edafoclimáticas da região do Caparaó Capixaba, Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a resposta de diferentes cultivares de café arábica em plantio adensado, submetidas à poda de esqueletamento e decote. The coffee park of Espírito Santo has been renovated in recent decades with the introduction of new cultivars and changes in the cropping system, such as the number of plants/ha. The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic characteristics of different arabica coffee cultivars in high spacing density after pruning. The study was carried out in a trial of different cultivars implanted in 2009 in the municipality of Alegre, ES (680 m asl) in the region of Caparaó Capixaba. Sixteen arabica coffee cultivars were evaluated under field conditions in a randomized block design with four repetitions; six plants were used in each plot. The used spacing among plants was 2.00 x 0.60 m (8,333 plants. ha-1). All plants were submitted to skeleton cut, and cut on top in a traditional manner, in 2016. Differences among treatments were observed in relations to the agronomic characteristics evaluated in the high dense planting system for arabica coffee cultivars in Caparaó Capixaba Region. It may be concluded that: i) differences among treatments were observed in relations to the agronomic characteristics evaluated in the coffee cultivars; ii) the mean yield of four years coffee yield was greater than 40.0 bags (60 Kg)/hectare in 11 coffee cultivars; iii) yield vegetative vigor and rust infection should be emphasized to make the choice of a coffee cultivar; iv) Planting cultivars of different fruit maturation periods can be used in this region without compromising average yield;. and v) the high density planting system must be adopted by coffee growers aiming the sustainability of this activity.