Toxicity of benomyl, a benzimidazole-based fungicide with agricultural applications, inoculated during different developmental stages of a parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
2020
Arakawa, T. (Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan))
Benomyl, a benzimidazole-based fungicide with agricultural applications, is effective against the larval parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), when inoculated orally with food into parasitized hosts. When benomyl was inoculated during the first two days after parasitization into the host larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), the parasitoid eggs were encapsulated by host hemocytes, and the host developed and pupated normally. When inoculated on the third to eighth day after parasitization, the parasitoid eggs hatched to produce living larvae, most of which were devoid of host hemocyte encapsulation, but failed to develop. These host larvae, carrying the parasitoid larvae that failed in development, developed into the final instar, and then died after prolonged larval duration. When inoculated on the ninth and tenth day, the parasitoid succeeded in parasitization on most, though not all, of the hosts.
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