CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF HERBICIDES PENDIMETHALIN BASED ON MICRO-ENCAPSULATION IN APPLE ORCHARDS
2024
Marga Gradila | Daniel Jaloba | Ciontu Valentin-Marius | Cristea Raluca Monica
The aim of this study was to determine the floristic composition of weeds in apple orchards and to compare the efficacy in controlling annual dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weed species of an innovative formulation of Pendimethalin 45.5% CS (microcapsules suspension) with two classical formulations: Pendimethalin 33% EC (emulsifiable concentrate) and Pendimethalin 40% SC (concentrated suspension). The research was carried out in 2020 at Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection, Bucharest and Moara Domneasca Didactic Farm, Ilfov. These weed species were found in the experimental fields: Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria spp., Capsella bursa-pastoris, Erigeron annuus, Galium aparine, Stellaria media, Daucus carota, Euphorbia spp., Veronica spp., Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spp., Polygonum spp., Sonchus oleraceus, Galinsoga parviflora, Solanum nigrum and Anagalis arvensis. Experimental plots were placed in randomized blocks, in 4 repetitions with a plot area of 20 m2 , each Pendimethalin formulation being tested in 3 different doses. The results obtained showed that Pendimethalin-based herbicides provided good protection of apple orchards against annual weeds. The best results were obtained at higher doses of Pendimethalin as well as in experimental samples in which the active substance is protected in microscopic capsules that prevent the premature dispersion of Pendimethalin.
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