Evidence of an additional center of apple domestication in Iran, with contributions from the Caucasian crab apple Malus orientalis Uglitzk. to the cultivated apple gene pool. Running head: Apple domestication in the Caucasus and Iran
2022
Bina, Hamid | Yousefzadeh, Hamed | Venon, Anthony | Remoué, Carine | Rousselet, Agnès | Falque, Matthieu | Faramarzi, Shadab | Xilong, Chen | Samanchina, Jarkyn | Gill, David | Kabaeva, Akylai | Giraud, Tatiana | Hossainpour, Batool | Abdollahi, Hamid | Gabrielyan, Ivan | Nersesyan, Anush | Cornille, A. | Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran] | Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | Fauna and Flora International [Cambridge, UK] | Ecologie, Société et Evolution (ex-Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution) (ESE) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) | Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) | National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA)
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. Divergence processes in crop-wild fruit tree complexes in pivotal regions for plant domestication such as the Caucasus and Iran remain little studied. We investigated anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in apples in these regions using 26 microsatellite markers amplified in 550 wild and cultivated samples. We found two genetically distinct cultivated populations in Iran that are differentiated from Malus domestica, the standard cultivated apple worldwide. Coalescentbased inferences showed that these two cultivated populations originated from specific domestication events of Malus orientalis in Iran. We found evidence of substantial wild-crop and crop-crop gene flow in the Caucasus and Iran, as has been described in apple in Europe. In addition, we identified seven genetically differentiated populations of wild apple (M. orientalis), not introgressed by the cultivated apple. Niche modeling combined with genetic diversity estimates indicated that these wild populations likely resulted from range changes during past glaciations. This study identifies Iran as a key region in the domestication of apple and M. orientalis as an additional contributor to the cultivated apple gene pool. Domestication of the apple tree therefore involved multiple origins of domestication in different geographic locations and substantial cropwild hybridization, as found in other fruit trees. This study also highlights the impact of climate change on the natural divergence of a wild fruit tree and provides a starting point for apple conservation and breeding programs in the Caucasus and Iran.
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