Fungal disease incidence along tree diversity gradients depends on latitude in European forests
2016
Nguyen, Diem | Castagneyrol, Bastien | Bruelheide, Helge | Bussotti, Filippo | Guyot, Virginie | Jactel, Hervé | Jaroszewicz, Bogdan | Valladares, Fernando | Stenlid, Jan | Boberg, Johanna | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) | Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg - Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (MLU) | Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence (UniFI) | Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT, INP-ENSAT, AgroToulouse, INP-AgroToulouse) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse) | Uniwersytet Warszawski [Polska] = University of Warsaw [Poland] = Université de Varsovie [Pologne] (UW) | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC)
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. European forests host a diversity of tree species that are increasingly threatened by fungal pathogens, which may have cascading consequences for forest ecosystems and their functioning. Previous experimental studies suggest that foliar and root pathogen abundance and disease severity decrease with increasing tree species diversity, but evidences from natural forests are rare. Here, we tested whether foliar fungal disease incidence was negatively affected by tree species diversity in different forest types across Europe. We measured the foliar fungal disease incidence on 16 different tree species in 209 plots in six European countries, representing a forest-type gradient from the Mediterranean to boreal forests. Forest plots of single species (monoculture plots) and those with different combinations of two to five tree species (mixed species plots) were compared. Specifically, we analyzed the influence of tree species richness, functional type (conifer vs. broad-leaved) and phylogenetic diversity on overall fungal disease incidence. The effect of tree species richness on disease incidence varied with latitude and functional type. Disease incidence tended to increase with tree diversity, in particular in northern latitudes. Disease incidence decreased with tree species richness in conifers, but not in broadleaved trees. However, for specific damage symptoms, no tree species richness effects were observed. Although the patterns were weak, susceptibility of forests to disease appears to depend on the forest site and tree type.
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