Lack of trophic competition among wild and hatchery juvenile chum salmon during early marine residence in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska
2012
Sturdevant, Molly V. | Fergusson, Emily | Hillgruber, Nicola | Reese, Carl | Orsi, Joe | Focht, Rick | Wertheimer, Alex | Smoker, William
Early marine trophic interactions of wild and hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta )were examined as a potential cause for the decline in harvests of adult wild chum salmon in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska. In 2004 and 2005, outmigrating juvenile chum salmon were sampled in nearshore habitats of the inlet (spring) and in epipelagic habitat at Icy Strait (summer) as they approached the Gulf of Alaska. Fish were frozen for energy density determination or preserved for diet analyses, and hatchery stocks were identified from the presence of thermal marks on otoliths. We compared feeding intensity diets, energy density, and size relationships of wild and hatchery stocks (n=3123) across locations and weeks. Only hatchery fish feeding intensity was negatively correlated with fish abundance. In both years, hatchery chum salmon were initially larger and had greater energy density than wild fish, but lost condition in early weeks after release as they adapted to feeding on wild prey assemblages. Diets differed between the stocks at all inlet locations, but did not differ for hatchery salmon between littoral and neritic habitats in the outer inlet, where the stocks overlapped most. Both diets and energy density converged by late June. Therefore, if density-dependent interactions affect wild chum salmon, these effects must be very rapid because survivors in Icy Strait showed few differences. Our study also demonstrates that hatchery release strategies used near Taku Inlet successfully promote early spatial segregation and prey partitioning, which reduce the probability of competition between wild and hatchery chum salmon stocks.
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