Genetic Uniqueness and Pomological Diversity Among the Apple Accessions Maintained Within the Croatian National Clonal Germplasm Repository
2025
Danijel Čiček | Almira Konjić | Martina Skendrović Babojelić | Predrag Vujević | Silvio Šimon | Fuad Gaši
In the Croatian apple germplasm, there are, presumably, unique genotypes that have not yet been documented in reference molecular databases. Due to similarities between accessions, incorrect names are often used, which creates a problem in the identification of accessions. Overall, 169 apple accessions and 11 reference cultivars from the largest ex situ apple collection in the Republic of Croatia were investigated within this study. The examined accessions have been genotyped using SSR markers. In order to assess the advantage of a high-resolution marker system, such as SNPs, compared to low-resolution markers, such as SSRs, a subset of 23 unique apple accessions and eight reference cultivars were genotyped using the 480K Affymetrix Axiom SNP array. Results obtained through the use of two marker systems revealed 26 synonyms, 40 duplicates, 13 mislabeling accessions, 45 accessions with confirmed identity (known cultivars), and 45 unique accessions, as well as the true identity of a large number of accessions, currently maintained at the Croatian National Apple Germplasm Bank. In order to investigate the pomological variability of unique apples, a three-year study was carried out on eleven pomological traits. The researched germplasm shows an exceptional diversity of pomological properties. Many of the accessions can be considered unique, and the results of the pomological characterization indicated that this germplasm contains valuable traits of interest for future breeding programs.
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