Potential effect of the number and type of birth on udder, milk yield, milk composition, ovarian follicles, and certain blood parameters in Baladi goat

Abstract Background Multifetal births are the most significant economic characteristic in goats. Therefore, physiologically, exploring the influence of their birth frequency on genital function and milk production is vital. The present study was carried out to monitor the potential effect of the number and type of birth on udder, milk yield, milk composition, ovarian follicles, and certain blood parameters in dam's Baladi goats during the postpartum period. On the birth day, fifty Baladi goat dams were separated into five equal groups based on the number of births: (G1) female kids and (G2) male kids. In addition to gender, there are three categories: (G3) single kids, (G4) twin kids, and (G5) triple kids. All of the offspring looked to be in good health, moving about regularly, and displaying no symptoms of peripartum pregnancy problems. Results The data revealed that the udder width of dams in G4 and G5 was significantly higher (p < 0.033) than G3, while the udder circumference was increased in the G5. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the udder measurements between G1 and G2. Gender of birth showed a significant higher in large follicle ≤ 5 mm (p < 0.005), medium follicle (p < 0.004), and small follicle ≥ 3 mm (p < 0.004) in the G2 compared to the G1. Also, the follicular population (p < 0.042) of the medium and the diameter follicle (p < 0.038) of the small ≥ 3 mm were significantly higher in the G5 compared to the G3. The Pearson correlation (r) was determined to increase the milk yield with an increase in udder length, udder width, and udder circumference. Also, there was a positive correlation among the udder length with protein, salt, solids not fat, and total solids. A negative correlation was found among udder width and udder circumference with fat, lactose, solids not fat, and total solids. There was a negative correlation between the ultrasonographic examination of ovarian follicles and milk yield. Conclusions This study may provide valuable information regarding the association of udder parameters and ovarian population with milk yield and its composition as an indicator of milk production in goat dams based on gender and number of births.