Žemdirbystės sistemų vertinimas aplinkosauginiu požiūriu šiaurės Lietuvos regione / | Environmental assessment of agriculture systems in northern Lithuania.
2009
Masilionytė, Laura, | Maikštėnienė, Stanislava,
One of the most important plant nutrition problems in sustainable and ecological agrosystems is optimization of soil conditions balance without use of mineral fertilizers. Greater attention to the use of organic fertilizers and reduction of quantity of mineral fertilizers or discontinuance of their use increases amount of organic carbon in the soil, but raises a problem of varied plant nutrition. The objective of this research was to estimate the amount of dry matter and nutritional elements accumulated over ground and root biomass of different catch crops grown after winter wheat; also the influence on the physical properties of soil and migration of mineral nitrogen in the deeper soil layers in the intensive leaching complex during autumn and spring periods. Experiments were conducted at the Joniškėlis Experimental Station of Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in 2006-2008 on the soil characterised as glacial lacustrine clay loam on silty clay, lying under morainic sandy loam Gleyic Cambisol. Soils of different humus content studied in various (environmentally safer) organic and sustainable agricultural systems were investigated in a three-course crop rotation: perennial grasses (red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)); winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) + catch crops; peas (Pisum sativum L.). Combinations of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), narrowleaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), daikon (Raphanus sativus var. Oleifera L.) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum exculentum Moench.) were grown as catch crops for green manure after harvesting of winter wheat. Environmentally, the use of catch crops is effective means for decreasing the Nmin content in the soil in autumn and for compensating for residual effects ofmanuring.
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