Zawartość makro- i mikroelementów w glebach i roślinności łąkowej na terenach przyległych do cementowni "Chełm"

Inglés. Micro- and macroelement contents in meadow plants is conditioned by the effect of biotopic conditions, sward botanical composition and by anthropogenic factors among which industrial emission may play an important role. In result of unchecked influx of anthropogenic elements a question arises whether the fodder we obtain fulfils animal requirements for macro- and microelements in respect of their quality and quantity. Present investigations aimed at determining the influence of cement industry emission on micro- and macroelement contents in soils and meadow plants. Mineral soils with natural heavy metal concentrations and diversified as to their texture, reaction, content of humus and available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were sampled for testing. The soil material (31 samples) represented pH ranging from 6.76 and 7.27, organic matter between 14.56 and 59.86 g-kg"''d.m., total nitrogen between 0.35 and 3.47 g-kg"'' soil d.m. A big diversification concerning their abundance in available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium was noticed among the analysed soils. Total soil concentrations of sodium and calcium ranged respectively between 0.02 and 0.23 and 8.5-293.5 g-kg"''soil d.m. In the tested soil population contents of iron and manganese ranged between 2560- 9650 mg Fe and 80.75-342.5 mg Mn-kg"''soil d.m. In some selected objects also plant material from wastelands, meadows and pastures was sampled for testing beside soil. The analysed plant communities are characterised by diversified concentrations of mineral components. Diversified nutrient concentrations in meadow plants may be affected by emission of cement alkaline dust. The contents of individual components in the tested plants fell within the following ranges: 0.784-3.019 g N; 0.25-3.4g P; 0.034-0.166 g Na; 6.3-44.9 g Ca; 13.7-77.5 g K; 1.56-5.35 g Mg-kg '"'d.m., whereas iron and manganese ranged respectively: 41.9-623 and 9.53-57.4 mg-kg "^d.m. Pasture fodder meeting cattle requirements should contain at least 3.0 g P; 7.0 g Ca; 1.5-2.5 g Na; 17-20g K; and 0.2 g Mg-kg -""d.m. and 50 mg Fe; 60 mg Mn-kg '''d.m. Meadow plants assessed according to this criterion revealed low contents of sodium and phosphorus and relatively sufficient contents of calcium, magnesium and potassium. The tested plants had excessive amounts of iron but relatively low quantity of manganese. The direct effect of cement dust might be visible as diminished acid soil reaction and its enrichment in calcium, magnesium and potassium. Although cement dust is non-toxic, its big deposition may, due to its alkaline character, disturb the soil environment balance, which can lead to disturbance of physical and biochemical processes in plants. The effects of cement dust emission to the environment may include inter alia decreased phytoavailability of phosphorus and increased uptake of other components originating from gases and dust and are often harmful for plants.

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