Innovative trends in the field of modern artificial intelligence methodology

The article justifies the necessity of introducing methodological innovations in the modern field of artificial intelligence (AI), which precede and actively determine technological innovations. The authors of the article analyse the existing AI conceptual structure and point out its insufficiency and introduce significant improvements, including the figurative component. This addition was not made arbitrarily but in accordance with the structure of human natural intelligence, where the rational (symbolic) is directly related to the figurative and interacts with it. The figurative is not identical to the rational (symbolic); there are significant differences in their epistemological content. This difference results from the epistemological differences in their basic (primary) structures – the concept and the image. This, accordingly, means that the figurative (image) is always a reflection of the singular (individual), which is always brought to the sensory-specific, while the rational (concept) is always a reflection of the general (typical), which reaches the level of the systematic. This analysis of the peculiarities of the epistemological and methodological content of figurative and rational thinking becomes important not only in terms of studying the essence of an individual’s natural thinking. These features are of great methodological importance in the modelling of artificial intelligence, especially when the question is raised about the creation of a new generation of artificial intelligent systems. Considering all of the above, artificial intelligence combines rational (logical) and figurative components, with priority given to the figurative structure as more information-intensive and heuristically powerful. It is the figurative component of artificial intelligence that defines and ensures the object’s multidimensional representation, while the rational component chooses one of the dimensions provided by the figurative one and fills it with logical content. In the concept of functioning of a real artificial intelligence system, its figurative component initially functions, transforming into rational transformations, which, in turn, are later returned and included in more voluminous figurative architectures. The article proposes schemes that present new approaches to depicting the modern AI conceptual structure. The suggested innovations are not implemented arbitrarily, they are determined and correspond to the real structure and functioning of human natural intelligence.