Energy expenditure of Adélie penguins during the breeding season: females pay the cost in years of low food availability
2025
Machado-Gaye, Ana Laura | Chimienti, Marianna | Kato, A. | Ropert-Coudert, Y. | Barbosa, Andres | Bustamante, Paco | Cosse, Mariana | Menéndez-Blázquez, Javier | Zaldúa, Natalia | Soutullo, Alvaro | Centro Universitario Regional del Este ; Universidad de la República de Uruguay = University of the Republic of Uruguay [Montevideo] (UDELAR) | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | La Rochelle Université (ULR) | Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable [Montevideo] (IIBCE) | Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva ; Universitat de València = University of Valencia = Universidade de Valencia (UV) | FUNDACION VIDA SILVESTRE ARG ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Universidad de la República de Uruguay = University of the Republic of Uruguay [Montevideo] (UDELAR)
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Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. Changes in prey availability can lead to mismatches between consumers and resources, decreasing the fitness of consumers, especially during periods of high energy demand such as reproduction. We investigated interseasonal variation in the foraging behaviour of chick-rearing Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, in a declining colony in the West Antarctic Peninsula to assess the impact of changes in prey abundance. Specifically, we analysed how these changes affect the energetic cost of males and females during the breeding season. Using information from foraging trips, diet, body condition and daily energy expenditure of 38 Adélie penguins breeding in Ardley Island, King George Island, in 2019/2020 and 2021/2022, we found that during low food availability conditions, penguins were forced to increase their foraging effort and their body mass was lower. Specifically, females extended their foraging trips, resulting in 40% higher energy expenditure compared to a year with high prey availability. We observed no significant changes in physiological condition, breeding success or trophic niche. The lower fat reserves and higher energy expenditure of females during the breeding season with low food availability may render them more vulnerable to the challenging conditions of the winter season, with potential negative consequences on population trends.
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