SILICON POLYMER FOR CAST OF PARANASAL SINUSES OF IRAQI LOCAL GOAT (Capra hircus)

The present work is designed to study the anatomical features of the paranasal sinus in local goat(Capra hircus) to distinguish and describe the types of the paranasal sinuses. Five heads of local goat were collected are used in this study , Used of silicone casts and imaging in order to study the shape, position of sinuses . The study revealed that the paranasal sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the nasal cavity. They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the bones of the skull or are a series of cavities arranged one after another like pyramidal shapes consists of five sinuses. which cavities are frontal , maxillary, lacrimal, palatine, conchal sinuses with absence of sphenoid sinus . The frontal sinus lies above the eyes (above the orbits) and have two types larger lateral and smaller medial, Maxillary sinus is large and located under the cheeks, while the lacrimal sinus is very small located in the dorsal part of the lacrimal bone . The palatine sinus is located in the hard palate. There are three conchal sinuses located inside three conchae of nasal cavity. The dorsal, ventral ,middle conchal sinuses located inside dorsal ,ventral ,middle nasal concha respectively , the dorsal conchal sinus longer than ventral and middle conchal sinuses. The aim of study to identify the morphological features of the paranasal sinuses and relation between them and with other regions. in the Iraqi local goat because veterinary importance and its effect on public health. INTRODUCTION Goats are a popular large animal model because they can be easily obtained and bred. Over the past decades, they have been used to study immunoserology, microbiology, biological products, gene transfer and tissue-engineering repair of bony defects and for teaching and biomedical research and for surgical training.( 1, 2). The paranasal sinuses of goat are a series of cavities arranged one after another. These cavities are frontal , maxillary, lacrimal,palatine, conchal sinuses. The Frontal sinus, Consists of spaces within the bones between the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity divided into two parts, smaller medially and larger laterally ,while the Maxillary sinus, are the largest sinus is divided by the infraorbital canal into medial and lateral parts. The lateral partion is larger and extends caudally into the lacrimal bulla; while the medial portion located medial to the infraorbital canal , is continuous with the palatine sinus ;Lacrimal sinus are relatively small and lies near the frontolacrimal junction, The Palatine sinus Communicate with the maxillary sinus through a wide maxillopalatine opening and three conchal sinuses (dorsal, middle, ventral) formed by concha of nasal cavity ( 3,5). This sinuses are cavities lies in the interior at some bones of the skull .the walls of the sinuses are composed of compact bone and are lined by a muco- periosteum (muco-endosteum) which is continuous with the nasal cavity( 3,8). Anatomical features of the paranasal sinuses and relation between them and with other regions in the Iraqi local goat were aimed in this study.