Complete mitochondrial genome of the leaf muntjac ( Muntiacus putaoensis ) and phylogenetics of the genus Muntiacus | 葡萄麂( Muntiacus putaoensis )线粒体全基因组的测定和麂属动物系统发育研究

Inglés. The leaf muntjac (Muntiacus putaoensis) is an endemic deer species found in the east trans-Himalayan region. In recent years, population numbers have decreased due to heavy hunting and habitat loss, and little genetic data exists for this species, thus our knowledge of distribution rangs and population sizes likewise remain limited. We obtained mtDNA genes and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of M. putaoensis using PCR, followed by direct sequencing. The complete mitogenome sequence was determined as a circular 16 349 bp mitochondrial genome, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region, the gene composition and order of which were similar to most other vertebrates so far reported. Most mitochondrial genes, except for ND6 and eight tRNAs, were encoded on the heavy strand. The overall base composition of the heavy strand was 33.1% A, 29.3% T, 24.2% C, and 13.4% G, with a strong AT bias of 62.4%. There were seven regions of gene overlap totaling 95 bp and 11 intergenic spacer regions totaling 74 bp. Phylogenetic analyses (ML and BI) among the Muntiacus genus based on the sequenced of mitogenome and ND4L-ND4 supported M. putaoensis as a member of Muntiacus, most closely related to M. vuquangensis . However, when analyses based on cyt b included two more muntjacs, M. truongsonensis was most closely related to M. putaoensis rather than M. vuquangensis, and together with M. rooseveltorum , likely forming a M. rooseveltorum complex of the species. This study will help in the exploration of the evolutionary history and taxonomic status of the leaf muntjac, as well as its protection as a genetic resource.

Chino. 葡萄麂（Muntiacus putaoensis）为发现于喜马拉雅（trans-Himalayan）东部地区的土著物种。近年来，其种群数量由于狩猎和栖息地丧失而急剧下降，但由于缺乏有关葡萄麂的遗传学研究，我们对其分布范围和种群数量知之甚少。我们通过PCR直接测序的方法获得了葡萄麂线粒体全基因组序列，同时获得17个个体的2个线粒体片段（ND4L-ND4和Cyt b）。线粒体基因组序列全长为16 349 bp，是环状结构，包含13个蛋白质编码基因，2个rRNA基因，22个tRNA基因和1个控制区（D-loop），其基因组成和排列顺序与目前所报道的绝大多数脊椎动物相似。除了ND6基因和8个tRNA基因由L链编码之外，其他基因都是H链编码的。H链的碱基组成分别为33.1% A，29.3% T，24.2% C和13.4% G，有特别高的A+T含量（62.4%）。基于线粒体全基因组和基因ND4L-ND4的系统发育分析（最大似然法和贝叶斯法）支持葡萄麂为麂属属下一独立种，其姐妹种为大角麂（ M.vuquangensis ）。然而，当基于Cyt b的分析包括更多麂属动物时，与葡萄麂关系最近的是安南麂（ M.truongsonensis ）而不是大角麂，结果显示葡萄麂、安南麂与罗氏麂一起（ M.rooseveltorum ）形成了罗氏麂物种复合体（species complex）。本研究将有助于探索葡萄麂的演化历史和分类地位，也有助于保护其遗传资源。