Biodiversity in mountain soils above the treeline
2025
Praeg, Nadine | Steinwandter, Michael | Urbach, Davnah | Snethlage, Mark, A | Alves, Rodrigo, P | Apple, Martha, E | Bilovitz, Peter | Britton, Andrea, J | Bruni, Estelle, P | Chen, Ting‐wen | Dumack, Kenneth | Fernandez-Mendoza, Fernando | Freppaz, Michele | Frey, Beat | Fromin, Nathalie | Geisen, Stefan | Grube, Martin | Guariento, Elia | Guisan, Antoine | Ji, Qiao-Qiao | Jiménez, Juan, J | Maier, Stefanie | Malard, Lucie | Minor, Maria, A | Mc Lean, Cowan, C | Mitchell, Edward, a D | Peham, Thomas | Pizzolotto, Roberto | Taylor, Andy, F S | Vernon, Philippe | van Tol, Johan | Wu, Donghui | Wu, Yunga | Xie, Zhijing | Weber, Bettina | Illmer, Paul | Seeber, Julia | Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck] = University of Innsbruck | Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research | Institute of Plant Sciences ; Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE) | Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur la montagne (CIRM) ; Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL) | Universität Graz = University of Graz | Montana State University (MSU) | The James Hutton Institute | Université de Neuchâtel = University of Neuchatel (UNINE) | Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS) | Georg-August-University of Göttingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen | Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne | Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO) | Swiss Federal Research Institute | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry (UMPV) | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Department of Ecology and Evolution [UNIL, Lausanne] = Département d'écologie et évolution (DEE) ; Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL) | Institut des Dynamiques de la Surface Terrestre = Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST) ; Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL) | Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS) | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Massey University | University of the Free State [Bloemfontein, South Africa] (UFS) | Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende, Italia] = University of Calabria [Italy] = Université de Calabre [Italie] (UniCal) | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Northeast Normal University | The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by GMBA. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers and the Assistant Editor for their valuable comments and thorough feedback. M. F. was supported by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 – Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree n.3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU; Award Number: Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUP D13C22001350001 CN00000033, Project title ‘National Biodiversity Future Center – NBFC. A. J. B. and A. F. S. T. were supported by the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) as part of the Scottish Government Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture (ENRA) Strategic Research Programme, project JHI-D4-3. B. F. acknowledges financial support from Fondation Petersberg pro Planta et Natura (grant number: 01.MZ/2023). B. W. acknowledges support by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency, FFG (project number: 901447). WOA Institution: Universitat Innsbruck, Consortia Name: KEMO. Open access funding provided by Universitat Innsbruck/KEMÖ.
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. Biological diversity in mountain ecosystems has been increasingly studied over the last decade. This is also the case for mountain soils, but no study to date has provided an overall synthesis of the current state of knowledge. Here we fill this gap with a first global analysis of published research on cryptogams, microorganisms, and fauna in mountain soils above the treeline, and a structured synthesis of current knowledge. Based on a corpus of almost 1400 publications and the expertise of 37 mountain soil scientists worldwide, we summarise what is known about the diversity and distribution patterns of each of these organismal groups, specifically along elevation, and provide an overview of available knowledge on the drivers explaining these patterns and their changes. In particular, we document an elevation‐dependent decrease in faunal diversity above the treeline, while for cryptogams there is an initial increase above the treeline, followed by a decrease towards the nival belt. Thus, our data confirm the key role that elevation plays in shaping the biodiversity and distribution of these organisms in mountain soils. The response of prokaryote diversity to elevation, in turn, was more diverse, whereas fungal diversity appeared to be substantially influenced by plants. As far as available, we describe key characteristics, adaptations, and functions of mountain soil species, and despite a lack of ecological information about the uncultivated majority of prokaryotes, fungi, and protists, we illustrate the remarkable and unique diversity of life forms and life histories encountered in alpine mountain soils. By applying rule‐ as well as pattern‐based literature‐mining approaches and semi‐quantitative analyses, we identified hotspots of mountain soil research in the European Alps and Central Asia and revealed significant gaps in taxonomic coverage, particularly among biocrusts, soil protists, and soil fauna. We further report thematic priorities for research on mountain soil biodiversity above the treeline and identify unanswered research questions. Building upon the outcomes of this synthesis, we conclude with a set of research opportunities for mountain soil biodiversity research worldwide. Soils in mountain ecosystems above the treeline fulfil critical functions and make essential contributions to life on land. Accordingly, seizing these opportunities and closing knowledge gaps appears crucial to enable science‐based decision making in mountain regions and formulating laws and guidelines in support of mountain soil biodiversity conservation targets.
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Información bibliográfica
Este registro bibliográfico ha sido proporcionado por Institut national de la recherche agronomique