COMPOSITION OF COMMUNITIES OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF THE USUMACINTA CANYON FLORA AND FAUNA PROTECTION AREA IN TABASCO, MÉXICO | COMPOSICIÓN DE COMUNIDADES DE HONGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EN AGROECOSISTEMAS DEL ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN DE FLORA Y FAUNA CAÑÓN DEL USUMACINTA EN TABASCO, MÉXICO

Inglés. Background. The mutualistic interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is one of the main strategies used by plants to improve their absorption of nutrients and cope with adverse environmental conditions. They are ubiquitous microorganisms that help maintain soil health and crop nutrition, which is why they are considered an essential component in agroecosystems. However, its presence is affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors such as tree cover and management intensity. Objective. Evaluate and compare the AMF communities and tree cover of the main agroecosystems present in the Usumacinta Canyon Flora and Fauna Protection Area (APFFCU) in the humid tropics of southeastern México. Methodology. The abundance of spores and the number of AMF morphospecies and the density and diversity of trees were counted in 25 plots of the agroecosystems Potrero (P), Milpa (M), Huerto Familiar (HF), Acahual (A) and Plantación Forestal (PF). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to the set of data obtained from each variable to detect the presence of significant differences between each of the agroecosystems evaluated. Likewise, to observe the effect between the variables, the Pearson correlation analysis was carried out. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to visualize the grouping of the study plots. Results. The ANOVA detected significant differences when comparing the variables of interest. The highest abundance of spores was found in P and PF, while A and PF presented the highest richness of AMF morphospecies. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the most representative families and Acaulospora kentinensis was the only morphospecies that was observed in all the agroecosystems evaluated. The highest values of tree density and diversity were observed in A. The lowest tree density was present in P and the lowest tree diversity in PF. The PCA allowed us to group the plots with the highest tree density, spore abundance and morphospecies richness on average. Implications. The information derived from this study highlights the importance of the presence of trees in agricultural productivity and the design of long-term sustainable agroecosystems. Conclusion. It was concluded that the AMF communities of the agroecosystems evaluated in the APFFCU vary in spore abundance and morphospecies richness, which is correlated with the characteristics of their tree cover.

Español; castellano. Antecedentes. La interacción mutualista con los Hongos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (HMA) es una de las principales estrategias utilizadas por las plantas para mejorar su absorción de nutrientes y hacer frente a condiciones ambientales adversas. Son microorganismos ubicuos que ayudan a mantener la salud del suelo y la nutrición de los cultivos por lo que son considerados como un componente esencial en los agroecosistemas. No obstante, su presencia se ve afectada por múltiples factores bióticos y abióticos como la cobertura arbórea y la intensidad de manejo. Objetivo. Se evaluaron y compararon las comunidades de HMA y la cobertura arbórea de los principales agroecosistemas presentes en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Cañón del Usumacinta (APFFCU) en el trópico húmedo del sureste de México. Metodología. Se contabilizó la abundancia de esporas y el número de morfoespecies de HMA y la densidad y diversidad de árboles en 25 parcelas de los agroecosistemas Potrero (P), Milpa (M), Huerto Familiar (HF), Acahual (A) y Plantación Forestal (PF). Al conjunto de datos obtenidos de cada variable se les aplicó un Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) para detectar la presencia de diferencias significativas entre cada uno de los agroecosistemas evaluados. Así mismo, para observar el efecto entre las variables se realizó el análisis correlación de Pearson. Por último, se llevó a cabo el Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) para visualizar la agrupación de las parcelas de estudio. Resultados. El ANOVA detectó diferencias significativas al comparar las variables de interés. La mayor abundancia de esporas se encontró en P y PF, mientras que, A y PF presentaron la mayor riqueza de morfoespecies de HMA. Acaulosporaceae y Glomeraceae fueron las familias más representativas y Acaulospora kentinensis fue la única morfoespecie que se observó en todos los agroecosistemas evaluados. Los valores más altos de densidad y diversidad arbórea se observaron en A. La menor densidad arbórea se presentó en P y la menor diversidad arbórea en PF. El ACP permitió agrupar las parcelas con mayor densidad arbórea, abundancia de esporas y riqueza de morfoespecies en promedio. Implicaciones. La información derivada de este estudio destaca la importancia de la presencia de árboles en la productividad agrícola y el diseño de agroecosistemas sostenibles a largo plazo. Conclusión. Se concluyó que las comunidades de HMA de los agroecosistemas evaluados en la APFFCU varían en abundancia de esporas y riqueza de morfoespecies, lo cual esta correlacionado con las características de su cobertura arbórea.Background. The mutualistic interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is one of the main strategies used by plants to improve their absorption of nutrients and cope with adverse environmental conditions. They are ubiquitous microorganisms that help maintain soil health and crop nutrition, which is why they are considered an essential component in agroecosystems. However, its presence is affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors such as tree cover and management intensity. Objective. Evaluate and compare the AMF communities and tree cover of the main agroecosystems present in the Usumacinta Canyon Flora and Fauna Protection Area (APFFCU) in the humid tropics of southeastern México. Methodology. The abundance of spores and the number of AMF morphospecies and the density and diversity of trees were counted in 25 plots of the agroecosystems Potrero (P), Milpa (M), Huerto Familiar (HF), Acahual (A) and Plantación Forestal (PF). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to the set of data obtained from each variable to detect the presence of significant differences between each of the agroecosystems evaluated. Likewise, to observe the effect between the variables, the Pearson correlation analysis was carried out. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to visualize the grouping of the study plots. Results. The ANOVA detected significant differences when comparing the variables of interest. The highest abundance of spores was found in P and PF, while A and PF presented the highest richness of AMF morphospecies. Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the most representative families and Acaulospora kentinensis was the only morphospecies that was observed in all the agroecosystems evaluated. The highest values of tree density and diversity were observed in A. The lowest tree density was present in P and the lowest tree diversity in PF. The PCA allowed us to group the plots with the highest tree density, spore abundance and morphospecies richness on average. Implications. The information derived from this study highlights the importance of the presence of trees in agricultural productivity and the design of long-term sustainable agroecosystems. Conclusion. It was concluded that the AMF communities of the agroecosystems evaluated in the APFFCU vary in spore abundance and morphospecies richness, which is correlated with the characteristics of their tree cover.