Effective utilization of empty fruit bunch washing water and influence on greenhouse gas emission and nutrient dynamics in oil palm field
2023
Kawashima, A. | Inubushi, K. | Tan, N.P. | Kato, T. | Oshima, H. | Yashima, M. | Minagawa, C.
Empty fruit bunches (EFB) from oil palm can cause greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution problems leaving them in the field, while EFB can be used as fuel effectivity for biomass power generation. It leads to the construction of carbon neutral and environmentally friendly society. However, in the process of biomass burning, the boiler is adversely influenced by EFB including a lot of potassium and other components. EFB can be used as fuel after washing to remove these components for liquid fertilizer, especially potassium, and examined how it influences soil properties and greenhouse emissions. Potassium dynamics, especially soil microbial biomass potassium in oil palm fields have not been well studied. EFB washing water had much BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) compounds which can enhance soil microbial activity. To investigate the effect of EFB washing water on microbial activities along soil profile, the authors first focused on soil physical properties and soil activities including CO2 production along soil profile to evaluate the fertilization effect by adding EFB washing water. Sandy soil samples were collected along with soil profile (0-40 cm+) in an oil palm plantation field in Kuantan, Malaysia to determine physical properties for three-phase analysis. Soil microbial activities were determined as CO2 respiration rates by incubating soil core samples inside glass bottle for 24 hrs at 30 [square] and TCD-GC. Soil microbial activity based on CO2 production was higher in the surface layer than in the deeper layers, possibly because soil organic matter and soil microorganisms are more active at the soil surface; after the application of the EFB wash, the nature of soil microorganisms is expected to change according to soil properties.
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