The influence of ultra-processed foods on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal complaints after bariatric surgery: A narrative reviewKey points
2025
Hendrika J.M. Smelt | Sjaak Pouwels | Christine Stier | Johannes F. Smulders
Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) leads to malabsorption trough alterations of the gastrointestinal tract, which can result in changes in the gut microbiome (GM). Disturbances in the GM are associated with disruptions in nutrient digestion and absorption, regulation of intestinal motility, and maintenance of intestinal epithelium integrity. GM diversity significantly changes after BS but is not fully restored. Goal of this review: A significant number of patients also experience chronic, unexplained abdominal complaints. It is presumed that food intake may play a more substantial role than previously thought. This review provides an overview of the (nutritional) factors that may contribute to abdominal pain after bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Worldwide, many ultra-processed foods are consumed, which disrupt the GM and likely contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms and exacerbate the chronic inflammatory process. However, the influence of these products on the development of gastrointestinal complaints after BS has not yet been studied. This should be the focus for future research.
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