Measures to inhibit the growth of apple tree top with the `gala´ variety | Ukrepi za zaviranje rasti vrhov jablane 'GALA'

Inglés. In Fruit Research Center Maribor different methods of less vigorous growth of apple tree top with the variety `Gala´ were conducted during the period from 2010 to 2013: applying a coating of the central leader at a height of 2.2 m with 2 % solution of growth regulator NAA (Luxan Late – Val) and plant resin, the use of the growth retardant Regalis (2 times), of replacing the the top of the tree with the highest appropriate bent branch, removal of new shoots 28 days after flowering (tearing) and the June cut after the completion of the primary growth. Increment of annual shoots and harvest in the top (over 2.2 m) was followed. Most commonly used practices, the June cut and tearing of young shoots resulted in the strongest growth in the top. The vigour of the top of the tree was the best reduced by the use of plant growth regulators (Regalis and NAA top coating) and replacing the top of the tree. The highest yield of the top of the tree was achieved by using Regalis, meanwhile tearing of the young shoots gave the lowest yield. The replacing the top of the tree is suitable measure for organic production, because it successfully reduces the vigour of the tree top without the use of growth regulators.

Esloveno. V Sadjarskem centru Maribor smo v časovnem obdobju 2010 – 2013, pri sorti `Gala´, spremljali različne metode umirjanja rasti vrhov jablane: premazovanje prevodnika na višini 2,2 m z 2 % raztopino rastnega regulatorja NAA (Luxan Late – Val) in rastlinske smole, uporaba pripravka Regalis (2- krat), zamenjava vrha s privezovanjem najvišje upognjene veje (zamenjava vrha), odstranjevanje novih poganjkov 28 dni po vrhu cvetenja (mandanje) ter junijska rez vrhov po zaključku primarne rasti. Spremljali smo priraščanje enoletnih poganjkov in pridelek v vrhu (nad 2,2 m). V praksi najbolj pogosto uporabljena ukrepa, junijska rez in mandanje, sta rezultirala z najmočnejšo rastjo v vrhu. Najbolj smo rast umirili z uporabo rastnih regulatorjev (Regalis ter s premazovanjem) in zamenjavo vrha. Največjo rodnost vrhov smo dosegli z uporabo pripravka Regalis, z ukrepom mandanja pa najmanjšo. Ukrep zamenjave vrha je primeren pri ekološkem načinu pridelave, saj brez uporabe rastnih regulatorjev uspešno umiri rast vrhov.