Genetic diversity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) landraces collected in Iran using some morphological traits | Genetska raznolikost akcesij špinače (Spinacia oleracea L.) zbranih v Iranu, določena z nekaterimi morfološkimi znaki

Inglés. Spinach has become an important vegetable crop in most regions of the world and remarkable changes in production amounts have occurred in the past decades due to demand increase in many countries. Fifty-four spinach landraces collected from diverse geographical regions of Iran were evaluated for several qualitative and quantitative traits. Landraces indicated a high variability for measured morphologic characteristics regarding results of variance analysis and descriptive statistics. The first three factors of factors analysis explained 76.8% of variation of spinach landraces. The first extracted factor can be regarded as a leaf property vector; the extracted second factor could be named as yield vector and the third factor was female plants percent vector. The dendrogram of cluster analysis generated from genotypes distance matrices showed that in a distance linkage of 800, the 54 spinach landraces could be agglomerated into sixteen clusters. The number of clusters was verified by multivariate analysis of variance test through Wilks' Lambda statistics. Some spinach landraces such as G10 G13, G38 and G41 were individual cluster and were not similar to the other collected genotypes while some of the spinach landraces were similar to each other and grouped as one cluster such as cluster 9 (C9). The cluster C14 (landrace Karaj 2) was the most favorable genotype due to good performance for most measured quantitative traits. This landrace could be recommended for commercial release after complementary experiments. Also, landraces G1 (Arak) and G3 (Urmia) indicate good potential regarding the measured traits. These landraces could be used directly as commercial cultivars or introduced in spinach breeding programs.

Esloveno. Špinača je postala pomembna zelenjadnica v večjem delu sveta in znaten porast njene pridelave se je pojavil zaradi vse večjega povpraševanja v mnogih državah. 54 akcesij špinače, nabranih v različnih delih Irana, je bilo ovrednotenih na osnovi številnih kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih znakov. Akcesije so pokazale veliko variabilnost v merjenih morfoloških znakih glede na rezultate analize variance in opisne statistike. Prvi trije faktorji faktorske analize so pojasnili 76.8 % variabilnosti akcesij špinače. Prvi faktor od teh je bil povezan z lastnostmi listov, drugi s pridelkom in tretji z deležem ženskih rastlin. Dendrogram klasterske analize, generiran na osnovi izračunanih distanc med genotipi je pokazal, da lahko na osnovi distančne povezave 800, 54 akcesij špinače združimo v 16 skupin. Število skupin je bilo potrjeno z multivariatno analizo variance s pomočjo Wilks' Lambda statistke. Nekatere akcesije kot na primer G10 G13, G38 in G41 so bile samostojne skupine in niso bile podobne drugim zbranim genotipom, med tem ko so si bile druge akcesije podobne in so se uvrstile v eno skupino, npr. skupino 9 (C9). Skupina C14 (akcesija Karaj 2) je bila najboljši genotip glede na dobre vrednosti za večino merjenih kvantitativnih znakov. To akcesijo bi lahko priporočili za komercialno uporabo po dopolnih preizkusih. Tudi akcesiji G1 (Arak) in G3 (Urmia) kažeta dober potencial glede na merjene znake. Ti akcesiji bi bili lahko neposredno uporabljeni kot komercialni sorti ali vključeni v žlahtniteljski program špinače.