Changes in seed vigor of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars during maturity in response to water limitation | Spremembe v vitalnosti semen različnih sort žafranike (Carthamus tinctorius L.) med dozorevanjem kot odziv na pomanjkanje vode

Inglés. Seed development and vigor may be influenced by environmental stresses such as water deficit. Thus, this research was carried out to evaluate the effects of different irrigation treatments and harvest times on seed vigor of four spring safflower cultivars. Treatments were irrigations (irrigations after 70, 100, 130 and 160 mm evaporation, respectively) in main plots and safflower cultivars (Faraman, Goldasht, Sina and Soffeh) in sub-plots. Seeds were harvested in 5 days intervals at 7 stages during development and maturity. The highest and the lowest seed and seedling masss at all harvests and irrigation treatments were recorded for Faraman and Sina cultivars, respectively. Seed vigor of safflower cultivars as measured by electrical conductivity of seed leachates and seedling dry mass decreased with decreasing water availability. Maximum seed mass and seedling dry mass and minimum electrical conductivity were obtained at 40-45 days after flowering, depending on irrigation interval and cultivar. Seed moisture content at these stages was 15-20 %, which is suitable for direct and mechanical harvesting and threshing.

Esloveno. Razvoj semen in njihova vitalnost sta odvisna od okoljskih stresov kot je tudi pomanjkanje vode. V tej raziskavi so bili ovrednoteni učinki različnih namakanj in časa žetve na vitalnost semen štirih jarih sort žafranike. Obravnavanja so bila namakanje (namakanje po 70, 100, 130 in 160 mm evaporacije) na glavnih ploskvah in štiri sorte žafranike na podploskvah (Faraman, Goldasht, Sina in Soffeh). Semena so bila vzorčena v intervalu petih dni v sedmi stopnji razvojne faze in zrelosti. Največja in najmanjša masa semena in kalic sta bili pri vseh vzorčenjih in časih namakanja zabeleženi pri sortah Faraman in Sina. Vitalnost semen sort žafranike, izmerjena kot električna prevodnost izlužkov vode, v kateri so bila namakana semena in suha masa kalic sta se zmanjševali z upadanjem razpoložljivosti vode. Največja masa semen in suha masa kalic ter najmanša električna prevodnost izlužkov so bile izmerjene 40-45 dni po cvetenju, odvisno od intervala namakanja in sorte. Vsebnost vode v semenih je bila v tem obdobju 15-20 %, kar je ugodno za neposredno mehansko žetev, mlačvo in shranjevanje.