Applicability of invasive alien plants in controlling harmful organisms of cultivated plants | Uporabnost izbranih invazivnih tujerodnih rastlin pri zatiranju škodljivih organizmov gojenih rastlin

Inglés. With a rapid growth invasive alien plants cause a lot of problems not only to indigenous varieties of plants, but also for people, as they are often the cause of many health problems, such as allergies, and they also contribute to greater economic loss. Plant protection is an activity which, on the basis of appropriate scientific knowledge by means of various methods and an economical manner, protects cultivated plants from harmful organisms. In Slovenia, as well as worldwide, the use of pesticides in plant protection programmes is the most widespread method due to price and other benefits. Researchers are looking for new, environmentally more acceptable ways of protecting plants against harmful organisms due to adverse environmental effects of pesticides, their non-target activity, the occurence of resistance to pesticides, and increasingly stringent environmental policies. One such measure is also the study of plant extracts in the suppresing of economically important harmful organisms. In a review article, we focused on the literature review of the usefeulness of plant extracts of several invasive alien plant species in plant protection: knotweeds (Fallopia japonica [Houtt.] Ronse Decr), F. x bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtková) Bailey), goldenrods (Solidago canadensis L., S. gigantea Aiton), stag's-horn sumac (Rhus typhina L.), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima [Mill.] Swingle), false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa L.) and stinkwort (Dittrichia graveolens [L.] Greuter), which we are studying within the project ApPLAuSE.

Esloveno. Invazivne tujerodne rastline s hitrim razširjanjem povzročajo nemalo težav ne le domorodnim sortam rastlin, ker jih spodrivajo, temveč tudi ljudem, saj so pogosto vzrok za številne zdravstvene težave, kot so alergije, pripomorejo pa tudi k večji gospodarski škodi. Varstvo rastlin je dejavnost, ki na podlagi ustreznih znanstvenih dognanj z različnimi metodami in na gospodaren način varuje gojene rastline pred škodljivimi organizmi. Pri nas in drugod po svetu je zaradi cene in drugih prednosti najbolj razširjena uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev (FFS) v varstvu rastlin pred škodljivimi organizmi. Zaradi negativnih vplivov na okolje, njihovega neciljnega delovanja, pojava rezistence škodljivih organizmov na FFS in vse strožje okoljske politike raziskovalci iščejo nove, okoljsko bolj sprejemljive načine varstva rastlin pred škodljivimi organizmi. Eden od tovrstnih ukrepov je tudi preučevanje rastlinskih izvlečkov pri zatiranju gospodarsko pomembnih škodljivih organizmov. V preglednem članku smo se osredotočili na pregled literature vezane na uporabnost rastlinskih izvlečkov izbranih tujerodnih rastlinskih vrst v varstvu rastlin; japonskega dresnika (Fallopia japonica [Houtt.] Ronse Decr.), češkega dresnika (Fallopia x bohemica [Chrtek & Chrtková] Bailey), velikega pajesena (Ailanthus altissima [Mill.] Swingle), kanadske zlate rozge (Solidago canadensis L.), orjaške zlate rozge (Solidago gigantea Aiton), octovca (Rhus typhina L.), navadne amorfe (Amorpha fruticosa L.) in smrdljivo ditrihovko (Dittrichia graveolans [L.] Greuter), ki jih preučujemo v sklopu projekta ApPLAuSE.