Response of sunflower to organic and chemical fertilizers in different drought stress conditions | Odziv sončnice na organska in mineralna gnojila v razmerah različnega sušnega stresa

Inglés. The main objectives of this research were to determine the effects of applying organic and chemical fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) morphological traits, yield components, grain yield and grain quality. The experiment was conducted as spilt plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments at three levels (well-irrigated, mild and severe drought stress) were allocated to main plots and eight fertilizer treatments (urea (F1), urea + composted cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeolite-amended chicken manure (Z-ACM) (F5), zeocompost + vermicompost (F6), zeocompost + Z-ACM (F7) and vermicompost + Z-ACM (F8)) were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that irrespective of the drought stress intensity, organic fertilizer treatments produced more dry matter, heavier and greater grain than did chemical treatments. In well-irrigated plots, the highest grain yield was obtained from F6, F7 and F8 treatments. Under drought stress conditions, the highest grain yield was obtained from the high zeolite content organic fertilizers i.e. F3, F5 and F7. We concluded that amending soil with organic fertilizers in combination with zeolite can be a beneficial approach for decreasing chemical fertilizer application rates and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems.

Esloveno. Glavni namen te raziskave je bil določiti učinke uporabe organskih in mineralnih gnojil v različnih režimih namakanja na morfološke lastnosti, komponente pridelka, pridelek zrnja in njegovo kakovost pri sončnici (Helianthus annuus L.). Izveden je bil poskus z deljenkami kot popolni naključni bločni poskus s tremi ponovitvami. Obravnavanja so obsegala namakanje na treh ravneh na glavnih ploskvah (dobro namakano, blagi in veliki sušni stres) in osem načinov gnojenja na podploskvah (urea (F1), urea + kompostiran goveji gnoj (F2), zeokompost (F3), vermikompost (F4), zeolite z dodatkom kokošjega gnoja (Z-ACM) (F5), zeokompost + vermikompost (F6), zeokompost + Z-ACM (F7) in vermikompost + Z-ACM (F8). Izsledki so pokazali, da je ne glede na jakost sušnega stresa obravnavanje z organskimi gnojili dalo več suhe snovi, težja in večja zrna kot gnojenje z mineralnimi gnojili. Na dobro namakanih ploskvah je bil dosežen največji pridelek zrnja pri obravnavanjih F6, F7 in F8. V razmerah sušnega stresa je bil dosežen največji pridelek zrnja pri obravnavanjih, kjer so organska gnojila vsebovala veliko zeolita, obravnavanja F3, F5 in F7. Zaključili smo, da je dodadajanje organskih gnojil z zeolitom primeren pristop k zmanjševanju uporabe mineralnih gnojil pri izboljševanju trajnosti agroekosistemov.