Chromium-induced alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don in vitro cultured shoots and related gene expression patterns particularly for the novel gene GS | S kromom vzpodbujena produkcija alkaloidov pri vrsti Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don v in vitro gojenih poganjkih in z njo povezani vzorci izražanja genov, še posebej novega gena GS

Inglés. This study aimed to determine the effects of methyl jasmonate (Mj) combined with chromium (Cr) as elicitor on production of medicinal alkaloids, its antioxidant potential, and its effects on the expression of signaling and biosynthetic enzymes. Combined treatment had positive effects on secondary metabolism and changed genes expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), a transcription factor (TF) known as octadecanoid-responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain 3 (ORCA3) upstream of plant alkaloids biosynthetic pathway. Maximum expression levels of peroxidase1 (PRX1), geissoschizine synthase (GS) (24 h-treatment), MAPK3 and ORCA3 (8 h-treatment), were 6.25−, 4.87-, 7.67-, and 5.38-fold higher than control, respectively, in response to 100 µM Mj + 50 µM Cr. This value was 5.92-fold for strictosidine synthase (STR) in response to 100 µM Mj + 100 µM Cr after 24 h. The maximum total yield of vincristine was 1.52-fold more than control in response to 100 µM Mj after one week. This increase was 2.16, 4.01, 2.39 and 1.97-fold for ajmalicine, vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine respectively, in response to 100 µM Mj + 50 µM Cr. Mj + Cr can elevate alkaloid production by induction of MAPK3 and ORCA3 signaling pathway, which induces expression of downstream terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) biosynthetic enzymes.

Esloveno. Namen raziskave je bil določiti učinke metil jasmonata (Mj) v povezavi s kromom (Cr) kot elicitorjev v produkciji medicinskih alakaloidov, njun antioksidacijski potencial in njune učinke na ekspresijo signalizacije in biosinteze encimov. Kombinirano obravnavanje je imelo pozitivne učinke na sekundarni metabolizem in spremenilo ravni izražanja genov mitogen-aktivirane protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), transkripcijskega faktorja (TF) poznanega kot oktadekanoid- odzivne Catharanthus AP2-domene 3 (ORCA3), ki vzpodbuja biosintezo rastlinskih alkaloidov. Največje ravni izražanja peroksidaze1 (PRX1), geisošizin sintaze (GS) (24 h-obravnavanja), MAPK3 in ORCA3 (8 h-obravnavanja) so bile 6,25−, 4,87-, 7,67-, in 5,38-krat večje kot pri kontroli kot odziv na hkratno obravnavanje s 100 µM Mj + 50 µM Cr. Ta vrednost je bila za striktozidin sintazo (STR) 5,92-kratna kot odziv na 100 µM Mj + 100 µM Cr po 24 h. Največji celokupni pridelek vinkristina je bil za 1,52-krat večji kot pri kontroli kot odziv na 100 µM Mj po enem tednu. Enako povečanje je bilo 2,16, 4,01, 2,39 in 1,97-kratno za ajmalicin, vinblastin, vindolin in katarantin, kot odziv na 100 µM Mj + 50 µM Cr. Mj + Cr lahko povečata produkcijo alkaloidov z indukcijo MAPK3 in ORCA3 signalne poti, ki inducira izražanje encimov za biosintezo terpenoid indolnih alkaloidov (TIAs).