Estimation of Engel curves for household expenditure on dry bean and processed bean in Mexico | Ocena Engelovih krivulj za izdatke gospodinjstev za suhi in predelani fižol v Mehiki

Inglés. Dry bean is the leading source of low-cost plant-based proteins in Mexico. However, in the years following the liberalization of the economy, Mexico experienced the erosion of a self-sufficiency index for this commodity. Impending changes in the international markets for proteins compel us to reevaluate the role of dry bean for Mexico’s food security. In the present paper we set out to analyze the last link of the marketing chain in Mexico’s dry bean market: the consumer. Using data on household expenditure for 2018, the relationship between income and expenditure on dry bean as well as on processed bean is ascertained by means of the Working-Leser Engel Curve equations system. Due to the presence of zero-expenditure households in the sample, we followed the two-step Heckit procedure for the possible selection bias. The results suggest that the budget share for dry bean and for processed bean drops as income increases. The corrected conditional elasticity for dry bean is −0.1056. For processed bean, the elasticity is −0.2286. The negative sign indicates that both commodities are inferior goods.

Esloveno. Suhi fižol je v Mehiki najpomembnejši cenovno ugoden vir rastlinskih beljakovin, vendar je Mehika v letih po liberalizaciji gospodarstva doživela padec indeksa samooskrbe za to proizvodno skupino. Zaradi bližajočih se sprememb v ureditvi mednarodne trgovine, ki bodo vplivale tudi na trgovanje z beljakovinsko bogatimi kmetijskimi surovinami, smo želeli ponovno oceniti pomen suhega fižola za prehransko varnost v Mehiki. V pričujočem prispevku smo analizirali zadnji člen tržne verige za suhi fižol na mehiškem trgu, potrošnika. Z uporabo podatkov o izdatkih gospodinjstev za leto 2018 smo razmerje med dohodkom in odhodki za suh in predelan fižol ugotavljali z uporabo Working-Leser-jevega sistema Engelovih krivulj. Zaradi prisotnosti gospodinjstev, ki niso imela tovrstnih stroškov, smo upoštevali dvostopenjski Heckit-ov postopek za korekcijo morebitne napake pri vzorčenju. Rezultati kažejo, da se delež proračuna za suh in predelan fižol zmanjšuje, ko se dohodek gospodinjstev povečuje. Korigirana pogojna elastičnost za suhi fižol je −0.1056. Za predelan fižol je elastičnost −0,2286. Negativni predznak potrjuje status inferiornih dobrin za obe proučevani kategoriji.