Influence of organo-chemical fertilizer mixed with hormones on yield of Zea mays (L.) and soil productivity | Vpliv mešanice organsko kemičnih gnojil in hormonov na pridelek koruze (Zea mays (L.)) in rodovitnost tal

Inglés. The effect of five fertilizers; NPK (15-15-15), organo-chemical hormone mixed formula 1 (HO-1), Formula 2 (HO-2), Formula 3 (HO-3) and granular organic fertilizer (GOF) were investigated on maize yield and soil properties in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. The new hybrid maize (GT 822) was sown at 75 x 25 cm² spacing. The fertilizer rate was 300 kg ha-1. Initial soil analysis showed that the soil had a lower rate of nutrients but after the second season of trial a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement was observed in soil properties, the highest residual NPK of 0.875 %, 0.0275 %, and 0.0267 % were recorded in HO-3 plots. Vegetative data showed that maize height, dry matter, leaf area, and leaf chlorophyll of 270.85 cm, 282.66 g, 156.02 dm², and 56.70, respectively were also highest in HO-3 fertilizer. Plant growth indices; RGR, LAI, and dry matter use efficiency of 0.132 g g-1day-1, 5.90 and 34.4 %, respectively were best in HO-3. Grain yield and crude protein of 8276.68 kg ha-1 and 8.99 % were recorded in HO-3, followed by HO-2 and NPK. Lower yields were obtained from the control and GOF. Our finding revealed that the integration of nutrient sources in a balanced ratio produced the greatest yield output, improved soil properties, and is therefore the future approach to planning an effective fertilizer strategy. Reliance on GOF as a sole fertility package for maize production may result in significant yield losses compared to the integrated approach or use of NPK fertilizer.

Esloveno. V raziskavi je bil na pridelek koruze in lastnosti tal v popolnem bločnem poskusu s štirimi ponovitvami preučevan učinek mešanice petih odmerkov gnojil NPK (15-15-15) pomešanih z organskimi snovmi in hormoni v naslednjih kombinacijah: 1 (HO-1), 2 (HO-2), 3 (HO-3) ter dodatkom granularnega organskega gnojila (GOF). Novi hybrid koruze GT 822 je bil posejan v razmaku 75 x 25 cm². Odmerek gnojila je bil 300 kg ha-1. Izhodiščna anliza tal je pokazala, da so bila tla slabo preskrbljena s hranili, a je bilo že po drugi sezoni trajanja poskusa opazno značilno izboljšanje (p ≤ 0,05) v lastnostih tal, pri čemer so bile zabeležene največje vsebnosti ostankov NPK gnojil (0,875 %; 0,0275 % in 0,0267 %) na ploskvah HO-3. Tudi meritve lastnosti obravnavanega posevka koruze kot so višina rastlin, vsebnost suhe snovi, velikost listne površine in vsebnost klorofila (270,85 cm; 282,66 g; 156,02 dm² in 56,70) so imele največje vrednosti pri gnojenju HO-3. Rastlinski rastni kazalniki, RGR, LAI, in učinkovitost izrabe suhe snovi (0,132 g g-1 dan-1; 5,90 in 34,4%) so imele največje vrednosti pri obravnavanju HO-3. Pridelek zrnja in vsebnost surovih beljakovin (8276,68 kg ha-1 in 8,99 %) sta bila največja pri obravnavanju HO-3, nato pri HO-2 in obravnavanju samo z NPK. Manjši pridelki so bili doseženi pri kontroli in obravnavanju z GOF. Rezultati so pokazali, da je integrirana in uravnotežena raba virov hranil dala največji pridelek in izboljšala lastnosti tal in jo zato priporočamo v bodočih programih gnojilne strategije. Vztrajanje na uporabi granuliranih organskih gnojil kot edinega gnojilnega postopka pri pridelavi koruze lahko povzroči znatne izgube pridelka v primerjavi s temi integriranimi postopki gnojenja ali uporabi NPK gnojil.