Gene bank of fruit plants: a natural collection of different sugars and acids in apples | Genska banka sadnih rastlin: naravna zbirka različnih sladkorjev in kislin v jabolkih

Inglés. The fruit plantation was made in monastry Karthusia Pleterje financed by the “National program of the gene bank of cultivated plants”. Different apple and pear cultivars were brought together in this plantation. The plantation was started in 1994, 119 different apple cultivars and 44 different pear cultivars are growing there at the moment. Trees were grafted on the proper rootstocks and five trees were planted together for each cultivar. The sensitivity of different cultivars against diseases and pests can be observed due the biological protection against pests and diseases, which is carried out in the plantation. The data, which are demonstrated in this manuscript were collected for 100 different apple cultivars. The sugar concentrations in apples tightly corresponded with the ripening time. The concentration of fructose was with 64 g/kg fruit the highest in early ripening cultivars, the content of other sugars was lower. The middle-early ripening cultivars showed an increase of the succrose content from 24.6 g/kg, which was the succrose content in early ripening cultivars to 38.5 g/kg, the concentration in middle-late ripening cultivars was 37.6 g/kg. The fructose was with 70.3 g/kg the most present sugar again in late ripening cultivars. The most present organic acid in apple fruits was regardless the ripening time the malic acid. The highest concentration, 4 g/kg of malic acid, was analysed in early ripening cultivars, followed with late ripening cultivars with 3 g/kg malic acid. In both groups of middle-time ripening cultivars less than 3 g/kg malic acid was detected.

Esloveno. V okviru “Nacionalnega programa genske banke kulturnih rastlin” smo v Kartuziji Pleterje zasadili sadovnjak, kjer zbiramo različne stare sorte jablan in hrušk. Z zasajanjem sadovnjaka smo začeli leta 1994, trenutno raste v sadovnjaku 119 različnih sort jablan ter 44 različnih sort hrušk. Drevesa so cepljena na ustrezne podlage in pri vsaki sorti je posajenih pet dreves skupaj. Varstvo pred boleznimi in škodljivci poteka v zadnjih letih po programu biološkega varstva rastlin, tako da je mogoče zelo hitro oceniti občutljivost posameznih sort za okužbo z različnimi boleznimi in škodljivci. V članku smo zbrali podatke za 100 različnih sort jablan. Vsebnost sladkorjev v jabolkih je tesno povezana s časom zorenja jablan. V zgodnjih sortah jablan smo tako izmerili največ fruktoze, 64 g/kg plodu, vsebnost ostalih sladkorjev je bila precej manjša. Pri srednje zgodnjih sortah se je vsebnost saharoze povečala iz 24,6 g/kg, kolikor je znašala pri zgodnjih sortah, na 38,5 g/kg ter srednje poznih sortah na 37,6 g/kg. Pri poznih sortah pa je spet prevladovala fruktoza s 70,3 g/kg plodov. Od kislin je v plodovih ne glede na čas obiranja prevladovala jabolčna kislina. Največ, 4 g/kg plodov, smo je izmerili v plodovih zgodaj zorečih sort jablan, 3 g/kg pa v pozno zorečih sortah. V plodovoh srednje zgodaj zorečih ter srednje pozno zorečih sort smo namerili manj kot 3 g jabolčne kisline/kg plodov.