Soil water dynamics and olive yield (Olea europaea L.) under different surface drip irrigation treatments in northern Mediterranean | Dinamika vode v tleh in pridelek oljk (Olea europaea L.) pri različnih načinih površinskega kapljičnega namakanja v severnem Sredozemlju

Inglés. The use of modern irrigation systems and monitoring of soil water status can help improve crop performance and water use efficiency. The influence of different irrigation treatments on soil water content dynamics and olive oil yield was studied over two growing seasons using a surface drip irrigation system in an olive grove in northern Mediterranean climate. Irrigation treatments included optimal irrigation, sustained deficit irrigation (33 % of optimal irrigation), and rainfed treatment. Based on the water applied, we calculated the percentage of replenished estimated evapotranspiration (ETc*) for each treatment using the Penman-Monteith method. Soil water content dynamics were monitored with capacitive probes at five depths (10 to 50 cm). The increase in soil water content at a depth of 30 to 50 cm, which was only achieved with optimal irrigation, resulted in a significantly higher olive oil yield. In contrast, deficit irrigation, despite the addition of water, did not lead to an increase in soil water in the layers below 30 cm, so that the yield was equal to that of rainfed treatment. In irrigated olive groves, it is beneficial to monitor the water content of the soil at several depths to ensure that a sufficient amount of water has been applied.

Esloveno. Uporaba sodobnih namakalnih sistemov ter spremljanje stanja vode v tleh lahko pripomore k izboljšanju učinkovitosti rastlinske pridelave in rabe vode. Vpliv različnih načinov namakanja na dinamiko vsebnosti vode v tleh in pridelek oljčnega olja smo preučevali v dveh rastnih dobah z uporabo površinskega kapljičnega namakalnega sistema v oljčnem nasadu v severnem sredozemskem podnebju. Obravnavanja so vključevala optimalno namakanje, trajno namakanje s primanjkljajem (33 % optimalnega namakanja) in brez namakanja. Na podlagi porabljene vode smo z uporabo metode Penman-Monteith izračunali odstotek nadomeščene ocenjene evapotranspiracije (ETc*) za vsako obravnavo. Dinamiko vsebnosti vode v tleh smo spremljali s kapacitivnimi merilniki na petih globinah (od 10 do 50 cm). Povečanje vsebnosti vode v tleh na globini od 30 do 50 cm, ki je bilo doseženo le z optimalnim namakanjem, je povzročilo večji pridelek oljčnega olja. Nasprotno pa se pri namakanju s primanjkljajem kljub dodajanju vode ni povečala količina vode v tleh v plasteh pod 30 cm, zato je bil pridelek enak pridelku brez namakanja. V namakanih oljčnih nasadih je koristno spremljati vsebnost vode v tleh na več globinah, da se zagotovi, da je bila priskrbljena zadostna količina vode.