A New Essential Oil from the Native Andean Species Nectandra laurel Klotzsch ex Nees of Southern Ecuador: Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses
2023
Gianluca Gilardoni | Aníbal A. Enríquez | Yessenia E. Maldonado | Nixon Cumbicus | Omar Malagón
The leaves of Nectandra laurel Klotzsch ex Nees, belonging to the family, Lauraceae, were collected in the province of Loja (Ecuador), dried, and analytically steam-distilled. An unprecedented essential oil was obtained, with a 0.03% yield by weight of dry plant material. The volatile fraction was submitted to qualitative (GC-MS) and quantitative (GC-FID) chemical analysis, on two orthogonal stationary phases. Seventy-eight compounds were detected and quantified on at least one column. The essential oil was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (53.0&ndash:53.8% on the non-polar and polar stationary phase, respectively), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (18.9&ndash:19.0%). A third group was constituted by metabolites of other origins, mainly aliphatic compounds, apparently derived from the acetate pathway (11.7&ndash:8.5%). The major components of the EO (&ge:3.0% with at least one column) were &delta:-selinene (30.5&ndash:28.8%), &delta:-cadinene (5.4&ndash:6.4%), epi-&alpha:-cadinol (4.9&ndash:5.2%), an undetermined compound with a molecular weight of 204 (3.4&ndash:4.2%), &alpha:-pinene (3.3&ndash:2.9%), and &alpha:-cadinol (2.9&ndash:3.0%). Finally, the essential oil was submitted to enantioselective analysis, on two &beta:-cyclodextrin-based chiral selectors, determining the enantiomeric distribution of seven chiral terpenes. Among them, (1R,5R)-(+)-&alpha:-pinene, (1R,5R)-(+)-&beta:-pinene, and (R)-(&minus:)-&alpha:-phellandrene were enantiomerically pure, whereas camphene, borneol, &alpha:-copaene, and &alpha:-terpineol were present as scalemic mixtures.
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