The Effect of Geoclimatic Factors on the Distribution of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
2024
Larissa Rodrigues Fabris | Nathan Guilherme de Oliveira | Bruna Eduarda Bortolomai | Lavínia Cássia Ferreira Batista | Marcos Henrique Sobral | Alisson André Ribeiro | Ursulla Vilella Andrade | Antonio Conceição Paranhos Filho | Lídia Raquel de Carvalho | Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Baptista | Rinaldo Poncio Mendes | Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago
The incidence of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) varies in Latin America, and it is influenced by environmental factors. This study evaluated the distribution of PCM acute/subacute form (AF) cases and their correlation with geoclimatic factors in the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state. The study included 81 patients diagnosed with the PCM/AF at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul between January 1980 and February 2022. Geographic coordinates, health microregion of patient&rsquo:s residence, compensated average temperature, relative air humidity (RH), El Niñ:o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and average global temperature were analyzed. The highest incidence was observed in the Aquidauana (7/100,000 inhabitants), while Campo Grande, the state&rsquo:s capital, had the highest number (n = 34: 42.4%) and density (4.4 cases/km2) of cases. The number of cases increased during extended periods of the El Niñ:o phenomenon. A positive correlation was found between higher RH and PCM/AF cases. Most PCM/AF cases were found in areas with loamy soils and RH ranging from 60.8 to 73.6%. In MS, the health microregions of PCM/AF patients are characterized by deforestation for agricultural and pasture use, coupled with loamy soils and specific climatic phenomena leading to higher soil humidity.
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