Characteristics of Lithium Deposits in Mongolia
2024
Jaroslav Dostal | Ochir Gerel
Lithium is a strategic metal due to its use in green technologies, particularly battery manufacturing. It is on the US List of Critical Minerals and the European Union&rsquo:s List of Critical Raw Materials. In Mongolia, there are three major types of potentially economic Li deposits: (1) Deposits related to granites, granitic pegmatites and associated rocks: (2) Li-rich clay deposits: (3) Salar (Li brine) deposits. The first type of mineralization is associated with the lithium&ndash:fluorine-rich peraluminous A-type granites and related rocks (greisens, pegmatites, ongonites, ongorhyolites). The mineralization includes Li and also Sn, W, Ta and Nb. Lithium is hosted in Li-rich micas, unlike the world-class Li-bearing pegmatite deposits where the bulk of Li is in spodumene. In Mongolia, particularly promising are Li brines of endorheic basins in the Gobi Desert with an arid environment, high evaporation rates and low precipitation.
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