Adaptability of new cultivars and lines of oats according to immunological characteristics in the conditions of Kirov region

The purpose of the research was to analyze the biotic resistance and stability of immunological parameters of 18 new cultivars and lines of filmy and naked oats created from 2005 to the present bred by the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Nort-East named N.V. Rudnitsky. Field studies were carried out in 2020–2024 at the phytopathological site under artificial inoculation with pathogens of dusty smut, root rot and red-brown leaf spot and against the natural background of the development of crown rust. Тhe repetition in the experiments was two-fold. The area of plots was 1 m2 . The modeling of infectious backgrounds and the accounting of diseases were carried out according to well-known methods. The hydrothermal conditions of oat vegetation in the most important periods of plant ontogenesis ranged from acutely arid (НTC = 0.64–1.00) to excessively moist (1.50–7.36). In comparison with the ‘Krechet’ cultivar (2005 year of zoning), the degree of root rot damage in individual lines decreased from 14.7 to 7.0 %, red-brown leaf spot – from 14.5 to 11.0 %, crown rust – from 24.5 to 6.5 %, dusty smut – from 19.8 % to immunity. In conditions of extreme instability of climatic factors during the growing season, five lines (91h18, 41h18, 50h18, 3h19, 42h12o) undergoing competitive testing and two cultivars (‘Percheron’ and ‘Nizhegorodets’) were characterized by a high enough resistance to 3-4 fungal diseases. Comprehensively and steadily resistant lines (bi<1-2) were identified among them: 91h18, 41h18, 50h18, 3h19, 42h12o, of which 91h18, 3h19, and 42h12o were also characterized by a weak response to extreme vegetation conditions (at Si2= 0.0–4.7). The identified genotypes can be used in oat breeding as sources of long-term nonspecific resistance to specific fungal diseases.