Uji Daya Hasil Biomassa Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) Hasil Persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2 | Yield Potential Test of Sorghum Biomass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) from Numbu × Samurai 2 Crossbreeding

Salah satu produk sorgum yang memiliki potensi yang tinggi adalah biomassa yang dapat diolah menjadi produk biomassa, bioetanol, dan pakan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) memperoleh informasi tentang keragaan karakter agronomi, biomassa, dan hasil pada galur sorgum hasil persilangan Numbu × Samurai-2, (2) memperoleh informasi korelasi antara karakter agronomi dengan biomassa, dan (3) mengidientifikasi galur potensial penghasil biomassa dan bioetanol. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga bulan Desember 2024 di Kebun Percobaan IP2TP Muara Bogor dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura Institut Pertanian Bogor. Materi genetik tanaman sorgum yang digunakan adalah 36 genotipe Numbu × Samurai 2 serta varietas pembanding Numbu, Samurai 2, Bioguma 1, Demak 4, Soraya 3, dan Soper 6. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah augmented-RKLT. Keragaan karakter agronomi terdapat pada tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, dan jumlah daun. Keragaan pada karakter biomassa tidak berbeda nyata karena kekerabatan yang dekat dengan pembanding. Bobot biomassa total berkorelasi dengan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan luas daun. Kadar gula batang berkorelasi dengan tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, dan bobot biomassa batang. Galur yang potensial penghasil biomassa dan bioetanol yakni NS2-11 (635,10 g), NS2-13 (564,97 g), NS2-22 (18,63 °Brix), NS2-101 (616,39 g), NS2-112 (160 ml), NS2-121(18,37 °Brix), serta NS2-156 (160 ml).

Among its various products, biomass had great potential due to its flexibility in being processed into value-added products such as bioethanol and animal feed. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the genetic variability of agronomic, biomass, and yield traits among sorghum lines derived from the cross between Numbu × Samurai 2, (2) to analyze the correlations between agronomic traits and biomass yield, and (3) identify potential biomass and bioethanol producing lines. The experiment was conducted from Juny to December 2024 at the IP2TP Muara Experimental Station in Bogor and the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The genetic materials used in this study consisted of 36 genotypes originating from the cross between Numbu × Samurai 2, along with six comparison varieties: Numbu, Samurai 2, Bioguma 1, Demak 4, Soraya 3, and Soper 6. The experimental design employed was an augmented- Randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT). The study results indicated that the F8 sorghum lines derived from the cross between Numbu × Samurai 2 exhibited variability compared to the check varieties: observed plant height, leaf length, leaf number traits, and agronomic performance. Biomass yield traits did not differ significantly, likely due to the close genetic with the close genetic relatedness to the control varieties. Total biomass weight with plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area was positively correlated. Stem sugar content (nira) with plant height, leaf length, and stem biomass were positively correlated. These findings identified the following lines as promising for biomass and bioethanol: NS2-11 (635,10 g), NS2-13 (564,97 g), NS2-22 (18,63 °Brix), NS2-101 (616,39 g), NS2-112 (160 ml), NS2-121(18,37 °Brix), and NS2-156 (160 ml).