Mycotoxins in feed for pigs and poultry | Prisustvo mikotoksina u smešama za ishranu svinja i živine

Mycological and mycotoxicological analysis of many feeding stuffs and complete mashes for different animal species and categories have shown that the feed safety problem has been present for years. It is approved that mouldy feed can contain various mycotoxins, but among them in our conditions the most investigated are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone and some trichotecenes. Based on laboratory feed inspection of samples sent to be analysed in the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia in Belgrade it was concluded that fungi and mycotoxins contamination are common. Primarily presence of zearalenone, ochratoxine and aflatoxin was proven. Although these levels usually do not exceed limits laid by actual legislation, having on mind cumulative effects and possible chronicle exposure of animals to their harmful influence, appropriate and competent approach is necessary. In fact, even when direct loses, as consequence of high mortality are not present, indirect loses due to drop of animal performances and production and occurence of secondary infections must not be neglected.

Mikotoksikološkim ispitivanjem uzoraka hrane za živinu i svinje utvrđeno je da je prisustvo mikotoksina veoma aktuelan problem. Pokazalo se da je naročito učestala kontaminacija mikotoksinima prisutna u hrani za svinje, i to u skoro trećini analiziranih uzoraka prevazlazeći maksimalno dozvoljene granice Pravilnikom o maksimalnim količinama štetnih materija i sastojaka u stočnoj hrani (Službeni list SFRJ, 1990). Imajući u vidu kumulativni efekat i moguću hroničnu izloženost životinja štetnom dejstvu mikotoksina i u slučaju nižih koncentracija potrebna je odgovarajuća stručna kontrola. I onda kada se ne manifestuju direktni gubici kao posledica uginjavanja životinja, ne smeju se zanemariti indirektne štete usled pada proizvodnje i pojave sekundarnih oboljenja.