Thermal apoptosis causes reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Indian Gir cattle breed when exposed to high temperatures for a long time

Background and Objective: The changing effect of climate has grave consequences on livestock production. Hence, the goal of this study is to conduct an in vitro thermal stress stimulation on Indian Gir cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by exposing them to a range of temperatures and time, in order to determine how PBMCs react to different levels of heat shock.Methodology: Fresh blood (10 mL) was collected from each of the 45 Indian Gir cattle, and PBMCs were separated. PBMCs were divided into nine groups; each group had 5 PBMC samples. Aliquots of 500 µL of PBMCs were stressed by exposing them to different temperatures (normal: 37°C and extreme: 45°C) for durations of thermal exposure (DTEs) of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. The control samples, which were not stressed (500 µL aliquot of PBMCs), were exposed to no temperature (0°C) and zero DTE (0 h).Main Results: A significant positive relationship between increasing temperature and PBMC count was observed (P < 0.01). Also, the viability of PBMCs was negatively impacted (P < 0.01) by heat shock, which accounted for the exponential decrease in PBMCs as TACs/heat shock toughened. In vitro study of thermally stressed PBMCs provides insight into the response of cellular systems to heat shock. We discovered a significantly strong regression coefficient (b) of 92.0%, predicting a 92.0% response of PBMCs to an increase in temperature. After heat shock stimulation, we also calculated the coefficient of determination (R2), and we discovered that R2 (84.7) accounted for a decrease in PBMC count due to heat shock. Further to the above, we detected a 92.0% relationship (P < 0.01) between an increase in temperature (heat shock) and PBMC count.Conclusions: This study proved that PBMCs can be employed as a cellular system to learn about how Gir cattle responds to assaults of thermal conditions for improved management and performance.