Anatomical variations along the leaf axis modulate photosynthetic responses of sorghum and maize under different water availabilities.
2025
OLIVEIRA, J. P. V. de | DUARTE, V. P. | REIS, C. H. G. dos | SILVA, P. N. da | CASTRO, E. M. de | MAGALHAES, P. C. | PEREIRA, F. J. | UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS; PAULO CESAR MAGALHAES, CNPMS; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ALFENAS.
Water limitation leads to alterations in plants, including tolerance responses. Maizeand sorghum are both C4 crops with contrasting drought tolerance, where severalaspects of leaf anatomy and physiology are unclear. This work aimed to investigate theeffect of drought on anatomical and photosynthetic traits along the leaf axis of maizeand sorghum.• Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with maize and sorghum exposed tothree irrigation conditions (field capacity (FC), 75% FC, and 50% FC). Three leafregions (base, middle, and tip) were assessed for photosynthetic and anatomicalparameters. Water limitation promoted reductions in maize leaves in terms of water-use efficiency,leaf thickness, xylem vessel diameter, and area of the bundle sheath; however, sorghumleaves increased these under the same conditions. The middle region of the leaf hadhigher values than other leaf parts for most parameters, while sorghum had increasedΦPSII, Fv/Fm, and ETR at the leaf base. Photochemical values increased in both speciesunder water limitation. Maize had increased stomatal density compared to sorghum,which led to higher transpiration rates. Anatomical and photosynthetic traits varied along the leaf axis and were more reducedin maize than sorghum under drought. The middle region of the leaf was most respon-sive to these changes in both species,
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