Pathological diagnosis and surgical management of oral squamous cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old German Shepherd dog: A case report
2025
Sanusi, Fatima | Olaifa, Olanrewaju Samuel | Usman, Abdulrauf Adekunle | Samuel, Ekundayo Stephen | Ariyibi, Adedayo | Tiamiyu, Bukola Kudroh | Zubairu, Abdulkadir Salman | Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a highly invasive malignant neoplasm common in canines. Oral SCC is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral epithelium. It has a very poor prognosis and a low survival rate. This report describes a case of oral SCC in an 8-year-old male Rottweiler dog presenting with a firm exophytic mass on the right lower lip. Clinical findings included low pyrexia. Haematological evaluation revealed mild leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. Cytological examination of the fine needle aspirate from the growth showed a mixed population of neoplastic and inflammatory cells. The neoplastic cells were large, round to angular, occurring both singly and in clusters, with low nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratios and mitotic figures. The inflammatory cells werepredominantly neutrophils, a few macrophages and lymphocytes. The growth was surgically excised. Histopathological examination of the growth revealed spindle-shaped neoplastic cells, stromal desmoplasia with abundant collagen deposition and marked neovascularization. There was no tumour reoccurrence after excision. This case highlights the importance of cytology in the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral SCC and also the importance of histopathology in diagnosis confirmation.
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