Strategies for adaptation and mitigation in climate-smart animal production in Africa, Asia and South America

Abstract Climate change leads to a persistent shift in weather patterns, posing a significant global challenge that affects various agricultural sectors. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of how climate change threatens the global sustainability of livestock production systems and explore climate-smart strategies for adaptation and mitigation specifically in Africa, Asia and South America. The review paper discusses livestock production's impact on the climate, the effects of climate change on animal production, how climate-smart animal production strategies can help in adaptation, mitigation of climate change, and various case studies of these strategies being implemented. Climate change is a pressing issue that has to be addressed if we would be able to provide adequate animal protein for future generations. The paper emphasizes that achieving Climate-smart Animal Production requires not only technical innovations but strong policy support and economic resilience for farmers. With the doubling population, livestock production will continue to have negative consequences on the environment if smart approaches are not implemented to mitigate these impacts. This study also examined the necessity for government involvement in policy development and resource management for sustainable animal production. It recommends adaptation practices such as selective breeding, improved management and nutrition, and mitigation practices such as agroforestry and reduced nitrogen inputs. While the recommendations may not be applicable simultaneously, a more resilient livestock system can be developed in view of environmental balance and strategic implementation. Global cooperation is needed to address the effect of climate change and commitment to innovative practices that enhance resilience and food security.