Soil tillage interactions study based on workability and draft power efficiency

Abstract This study investigates the interaction of tillage depth on key soil physical properties, including friction angle, specific gravity, fines content, sand content, gravel percentage, plasticity index, plastic limit, liquid limit, and draft power across different regions such as Loka Abaya, Melkasa, and Halaba. By analyzing variations in these parameters with soil depth, the research aims to optimize tillage practices for enhanced agricultural productivity and sustainability. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the interactions between soil physical properties, workability, and draft power efficiency during tillage operations. By evaluating how key soil characteristics (such as texture, moisture content, bulk density, and shear strength) influence soil workability and the energy requirements of tillage implements, this study specifically aims to enhance the understanding of soil-tillage dynamics. Site-specific tillage recommendations require an understanding of how soil properties interact at different depths, a layer of complexity often missing from current models. The study reveals a previously undocumented trade-off in the tillage systems of three Ethiopian agro-ecologies: Melkasa’s high-clay soils retain water but prevent aeration at all depths, while Halaba’s sandy soils, despite good drainage, develop a surprising and severe subsoil compaction layer (> 300 kPa at 25 cm) that drastically increases energy demands. The findings will contribute to optimizing tillage practices, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable soil management in agricultural systems. Furthermore, indicates that soil properties significantly influence draft power requirements and tillage efficiency, with draft power increasing from 0.1 kW at 5 cm depth to 0.53 kW at 25 cm in Melkasa, and specific gravity ranging from 2.20 to 2.46 across sites. Notable differences were observed in plasticity index values, varying from 10 to 21%, highlighting the need for site-specific tillage management strategies to balance energy consumption, soil workability, and draft power efficiency. The integration of conventional soil analysis with interaction display and provides a powerful, replicable scheme optimizing tillage practices, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable soil management in agricultural systems. Also developing precision Agricultural tillage strategies elsewhere by adopting this site-specific, depth-aware approach, farmers and land managers globally can optimize energy use, reduce soil degradation, and improve long-term agricultural sustainability.